OIL OF RUE. 



len 



Procter and Cahours, that oil of winter-green could be made 

 artificially, and below is an account of Deville's having pro- 

 cured oil of lemons from spirit of terpentine. 



Essential Oils. — Van Hess has given the following table 

 of the yield of essential oils, with their specific gravities. 

 The oils heavier than water were distilled by surrounding the 

 still with high-pressure steam ; those lighter than .water by 

 blowing steam through the vegetable matters. 



Oleum anisi , 



01. anisi stellati. 

 01. calarn. arom. 



01. carui. 



01. caryophyll. . 



01. cass. cinnam 



01. cass. flor 



01. foenic 



01. junip. bacc, 

 it 



(( 

 01. lavendul 



201t) yielded 5i 



2011b " 8 



Old oil " 



551t) calamus, of a previous year.... " 12 



8511) new calamus " 10 



12^ lb of last year's seeds " 8 



251b fresh seeds from the Eifel ". 17 



■| cwt. Saxony seeds " 6 



lOltj Amboina cloves, at 6 distillations " 31 



81b Bourbon cloves " 21 



251b Dutch cloves, at 8 distillations.. " 74 



|- cwt. clove-stems '* 16 



^ cwt. bruised cinnamon *' 2f 



12Jlb " 3^ 



lOlb " 5 



441b dried ripe berries " 2\ 



961b fresh '< " " 7^ 



531b um-ipe " " 3 



i cwt. dried flowers " 2 



Sp. grav 

 0.977 

 .. 0.976 

 0.984 

 . 0.956 

 . 0.950 

 . 0.923 

 .0.913 

 . 0.926 

 . 1.040 

 . 1.035 

 . 1.033 

 . 1.049 

 . 1.035 

 . 1-023 

 . 0.968 

 . 0.870 

 . 0.862 

 . 0.864 

 . 0.892 



Artificial Oil of Lemon. — Deville (Comptes Rendus, 1849) 

 has shown that the camphor produced by the action of chloro- 

 hydric acid upon oil of terpentine, when treated with potas- 

 sium, yields an essential oil identical in odor, boiling point, 

 density, and composition, with oil of lemon. 



Oil of Rue. — Wagner (Journ. fur Prac. Chem. xlvi.) has 

 proven by experiments that the oil of rue {ruta graveolens) is 

 evolved from cod-liver oil when the latter is acted upon by 

 sulphuric acid, and the resulting purplish mass saturated with 

 alkali or alkaline earth. Wagner does not consider it a pro- 

 duct of decomposition, but adopts the theory of Gerhardt in 

 considering it the aldehyde of capric acid Gi^l^^O^, and exist- 



