PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 39 



55. Salmo pui'puratus Pallas. — Of yjon Brook Trout ; Salmon Trout; Lalcc Troul. 



{Salmo clarhl Ricli.) 



Very abundant in all waters north of Mount Shasta and through the 

 Great Basin and Rocky Mountain region; occasional southward to Santa 

 Cruz. Found in abuudance in salt water in Puget Sound and about 

 the mouth of the Columbia. It is usually seen of but 2 to 8 or 10 pounds 

 in weight, but occasional specimens weighing as much as 25 pounds are 

 taken in the Columbia in summer [C. J. Smith). These latter are known 

 usually as steel-heads, although the common steel-head is *V. (jairdneri; 

 the young as brook-trout, and the partly grown as saluion-trout. This 

 is the most widely distributed of our trout, and it is subject to many 

 variations. 



56. Oncorhynclius kisutch (Walb.) J. & G. — Coko Salmon of Frdztr^n lilvcr ; Silver 



Salmon; Kisutch; Bielaya liyha. Slcewitz. 



Sacramento River to Puget Sound and northward; very abundant in 

 summer and fall. It is rarely taken in the Columbia in the spring, but 

 great numbers run ui) the river in the fall. It is one of the smallest of 

 the salmon, reaching a length of about 30 inches and a weight of 4 to 

 8 pounds. As a food-fish it ranks with the young of 0. chouioha, which 

 it much resembles. It may be readily distinguished by the few (40-50) 

 })yloric coeca. In 0. ehoiiicha there are about 180 i)yloric coeca. In fall 

 the males become greatly distorted and hook -jawed, and specimens in 

 every stage can be found in late summer. 



57. Oncorhynchus chouicha(Walb.) J. &G. — Quinnat Salmon ; King Salmon; Choui- 



cha; Chinnooh Salmon; Spr in fj Salmon; Colunibia River Salmon ; Sacramento 

 Salmon; Wintei' Salmon; White Salmon. Sawkwey. 



From Ventura River northward to Behring's Straits, ascending Sacra- 

 mento, Rogue's, Klamath, Columbia, and Frazer's Rivers in spring, as 

 well as the streams of Alaska, Kamtschatka, Japan, and Kortheru 

 China; in fall ascending these and probably all other rivers in greater 

 or less abundance; the young taken in Monterey Bay, Puget Sound, 

 etc., in summer in considerable numbers. This salmon, by far the most 

 important fish in our Pacific waters, reaches a weight of about 70 pounds. 

 The average in the Columbia River is about 22 pounds; in the Sacra- 

 mento River about 18; in other rivers usually still smaller. 



58. Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum) Gill & Jordan. — Blue-had- ; Sukkeye; Ecd-Jish; 



Bascal; Frazer's Eiver Salmon ; Krasnaya Ryha. 



From Colum^bia River to the itleutian Islands; the principal salmon 

 of Frazer's River; unknown in Eel River, Rogue Iiiver, and in the 

 Sacramento. In the Columbia River it is much less abundant than the 

 Quinnat salmon, and its fiesh is less firm and paler. It reaches a weight 

 of 5 to 8 pounds, four "blue-backs" being counted at the canneries 

 equal to one Chinnook salmon. It runs chiefly in the spring, few of 

 them being seen on Frazer's River or tie Columbia in the fall. Like 

 the Quinnat it ascends streams to great distances. It is known in the 



