40 



PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MIISKITM. 



fall as red-fish. In the upjier eoiirses of the Columbia and Frazer'r, 

 River, this si)ecies and the preceding are the only salmon fonnd. The 

 blue-back, in all its protean forms, can readil}' be distinguished by tlie 

 much longer and more numerous gill-rakers. 



59. Oncorhynchiis keta (Wall).) (J. & J. — Dog Salmon; Quarhch ; Kaijko; Lc Kai. 

 San Francisco to Behring's Straits; very abundant in the fall, when 



it runs in all streams, but not to a great distance. Xot seen by us any- 

 where in the spring. It reaches a weight of 12 to 20 pounds. As it is 

 taken only in fall, after the development of the organs of generation 

 has caused the deterioration of the flesh, it has little economic value. 

 Considerable numbers are salted or dried by the Indians. 



60. Oncorhynchusgorbuscha(Walbauin) (TilltS: .Joidan. — Humphack Salmon ; Hnddo : 



Hone; HoVki. 



Sacramento River northward to the Arctic Sea; abundant in Pugct 

 Sound on alternate years, 1880 being a year of scarcity. Occasionally 

 seen in the Columbia and Sacramento, but not sufiticiently abundant to 

 constitute a distinct run. It reaches a weight of 3 to 7 pounds, being 

 the smallest of the salmon. The females are canned in summer and 

 fVxll, the hook-jawed males being rejected. 



The following table gives some of the specific characters of the species 

 of Oncorhynchus. The figures given are the averages of variation, so far 

 as known : 



Xanie. 



Kisntcli 

 Cliouicli;i 



Ki'ta 



Kcrka . . 



Gorbiischa. 



^rS 



13-14 

 1.5-10 

 13-14 

 18-15 



12 



Marldnijs. 



Back spotted; tail nuspottfil, 

 except upper my. 



Back and tail spotted. 



Dorsal region with fine spota, 

 whicli are often obsolete. 



No spots anywhere in spring ; 

 young with vague spots ou 

 hack ; tail .specfiled in fall. 



Back and tail spotted. 



61. Hypomesus pretiosus (Girard) Gili. — Surf Smelt. 



From Monterey to Alaska ; very abundant north of San Fiancisco, 

 and often seen in the San Francisco markets. It deposits its sj)a\vn in 

 the surf in the spring. It reaches a length of nearly a foot and becomes 



