(371.) Ocean Fishery Management: Discussions and Re- 

 search — Problems in Implementing New Fishery 

 Management Programs. By Lawrence W. Van Meir. April 

 1973, pp. 9-11. 



ABSTRACT 



Even though an "optimum" management program, in an economic 

 sense, may never be achievable in the management of commercial 

 fisheries, changes can be initiated which will allow individual 

 governments to realize economic gains over the status quo in harvesting 

 common property fishery resources. These changes primarily involve 

 jurisdictional issues; country quotas for international fisheries; accord 

 between the Federal government and the states; and a within-industry 

 system for allocating fishing rights. A system of vessel licensing is 

 described with reference to the ultimate use of licenses on units of fishing 

 effort. 



(371.) Ocean Fishery Management: Discussions and Re- 

 search — On the Utility of Bioeconomic Models for 

 Fisheries Management. By Giulio Pontecorvo. April 1973, 

 pp. 12-22, 1 table. 



ABSTRACT 



Short run and long run biological and economic models are inevitably 

 bound together in any comprehensive plan to manage commercial 

 fisheries. While these disciplines can be treated rigorously, political and 

 social considerations can be considered only generally and therefore on 

 an ad hoc basis. Within this framework long run models are useful 

 primarily for goal setting. More work must be done in developing short 

 run models which will measure the immediate biological and economic 

 impacts of alternative management steps in addition to immediate 

 political and social ramifications. Emphasis would then be placed upon 

 the economic sources of short run instability, with an initial economic 

 rationalization of the fishery providing the funds for subsequent manage- 

 ment and biological forecasting which will concentrate on extending 

 management from a rationalized fishery at a given harvesting level to 

 rationalized fishing at some optimum level. 



(371.) Ocean Fishery Management: Discussions and Re- 

 search — Multiple Objectives for Marine Resource 

 Management. By R. Bruce Rettig. April 1973, pp. 23-27. 



ABSTRACT 



Management decisions suggested by recent bioeconomic models have 

 been largely disregarded by fishery managers. This negligible impact 

 may be due to error on the part of management, an incomplete grasp of 

 the role of noneconomic oojectives, and/or the possibility that more 

 .sophisticated economic models might yield markedly different results. 

 More sophisticated models are suggested which consider the problem of 

 second best, risk and uncertainty, transaction and adjustment costs, and 

 income redistribution. Creation of analytical systems amenable to treat- 

 ment of noneconomic variables along with economic variables is 

 suggested. 



(371.) Ocean Fishery Management: Discussions and Re- 

 search — Economic, Political, and Social Barriers to Ef- 

 ficiency in Selected Pacific Coast Fisheries. By James A. 

 Crutchfield. April 1973, pp. 28-38, 2 figures. 



ABSTRACT 



Multidisciplinary models are being developed for the salmon, halibut, 

 king crab and anchovy fisheries as an aid in fisheries management. 

 These models will provide estimates of economic rent in these fisheries, 

 with an evaluation of alternative management structures available to 

 capture these net benefits. The character of the models for each of these 

 differing fisheries is described, including reference to the nature of the 



f>roducts. markets, processors, harvesters, regulators, stocks, and 

 ocations sectors of these fisheries. Introductory observations are made 

 on the future role of multifishery modeling studies. 



(371.) Ocean Fishery Management: Discussions and Re- 

 search — Cross Section Production Functions for North 

 Atlantic Groundfish and Tropical Tuna Seine Fisheries. 

 By Ernest W. Carlson. April 1973, pp. 42-56, 3 tables, 4 

 app. tables. 



ABSTRACT 



This paper explores the use of cross section production functions to 

 estimate the fishing power of individual vessels. The problems addressed 

 are: The proper measurement of output; the measurement of 

 technological change, and the effect of location, crew size and important 

 vessel characteristics. 



Regression analysis upon data from the North Atlantic groundfish 

 fishery and the tropical tuna sein fishery yielded highly significant 

 results. Many of the hypothesized relationships are measureable and 

 stable with relatively small errors. The tests indicate that: there are 

 better measures of output than total pounds; fishing time is measured 

 better using days absent rather than days fishing; the use of more vessel 

 characteristics improves explanatory power; crew size can be an impor- 

 tant variable; the effects of location can be measured; and technological 

 change can be measured. 



The production functions measured can then be used as inputs in 

 devising management schemes. 



(371.) Ocean Fishery Management: Discussions and Re- 

 search — Optimal Fishing Effort in the Peruvian 

 Anchoveta Fishery. By Edilberto L. Segura. April 1973, 

 pp 57-64, 3 figs., 1 table. 



ABSTRACT 



This paper introduces a new approach to measuring technical change, 

 increased skills of the skipper and the fishermen, water temperature, 

 etc., to obtain a better measure of fishing effort and therefore a revised 

 estimate of the optimum quantity to be landed. The revised technique 

 used adjusts the level of landings to an index rather than the level of 

 fishing effort, indicating the level of landings that would have resulted in 

 previous periods if the current landings/effort relationship is used. 



The revised yield/effort relationship which results yields 16.2 million 

 ton-trips as the optimal fishing effort, as opposed to the 23 million ton- 

 trips which were obtained without this measure of technical change. 



(371.) Ocean Fishery Management: Discussions and Re- 

 search — Natural Resources and External Economics: 

 Regulation of the Pacific Halibut Fishery. By Jack Rich. 

 April 1973, pp. 65-71, 5 figures. 



ABSTRACT 



In a static, long run competitive equilibrium framework, a catch 

 function allowing for short run diminishing returns is combined with a 

 fish growth function developed by Pella and Tomlinson which facilitates 

 the derivation of an expression for the long run marginal cost of "effort" 

 in a common property resource such as a fishery. This expression takes 

 into account both "congestion" and "growth" costs. The diagramatic 

 technique of Crutchfield and Zellner is modified to take account of these 

 externalities. The modified Crutchfield-Zellner diagrams are used to il- 

 lustrate the potential economic losses from maximum sustainable yield 

 regulation or other nonoptimal output. 



(371.) Ocean Fishery Management: Discussions and Re- 

 search — Production from the Sea. By Frederick W. Bell, 

 Ernest W. Carlson, and Frederick V. Waugh. April 1973, 

 pp. 72-91, 9 figs., 5 tables. 



ABSTRACT 



The sea constitutes a common property resource which causes factor 

 productivity to be heavily influenced oy technological externalities. The 

 sea is also subject to the spectre of Malthusian scarcity since man cannot 

 manipulate the ocean environment (Bamett and Morse, 1963). We es- 

 timated the parameters using ordinary least squares of the dynamic 

 Schaefer production model of the intervention of man into the oceanic 

 ecosystem. A second production model for the sea to specify diminishing 

 returns to capital and labor for any fixed biomass was developed. The 

 parameters of the latter model were estimated by a computer search 

 technique. The results indicate that the industry production function for 

 marine life is subject to diminishing physical returns to capital and 

 labor. For the cases considered in this study it also appears that the 

 parabolic yield function developed by Schaefer, assuming constant 

 returns to factors inputs, is not as realistic as a production function with 

 diminishing returns to inputs with a given biomass. 



(371.) Ocean Fishery Management: Discussions and Re- 

 search — Some Suggestions for the Development of a 

 Bioeconomic Theory of the Fishery. By Russell G. 

 Thompson. April 1973, pp, 92-95. 



