108 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — III. 



peculiarities are rarely noticed unless the pbaryugeal teeth are expo^d. 

 The writer has obtaiued four sets of the pharyngeal jaws and one entire 

 skeleton, but has seen only two small specimens, collected by Professor 

 Brayton in the Illinois liiver, and has obtained none in life. 



Since the forc-joing was written, I have collected nnnicrons large 

 specimens in the French Broad Kiver, North Carolina, where it is the 

 most abundant member of the family, known to all (isht'rmen as the "Red 

 Horse". With a great sui>erlicial resemblance to the ^'ortheru lied 

 noise [Myxostoma macrolepidotum), Plncopharynx carinatus differs from 

 all the species of Myxostoma in its larger and more oblique mouth and 

 extremely thick lips. 



2. PLACOPnAKY^X CAltlNATCTS Cope. 



Big-jawed Sucker. 



1870 — Placopharynx carinatus Cope, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. Phila. 4G7, 1870. 



Vlacopharyux cariiiatim Johdan, Fishes of Iiul. 221, 1875. (Name only.) 

 Placopharynx carinatus Jojjdax, Mau. Vert. 290, 1870. 

 Placophariprx carinatus Nklson, Cull. No. 1, Ills. Miis. Nat. His^. 49, 1870. 

 Placopharynx carinatus Johdan & Copeland, Check List, l"))^, 1870. (Name 



only.) 

 Placopharynx carinatus Jordan, Proc. Ac. Nat. Sc. Phila. 72, 1877. 

 Placopharynx carinatus Jouuan & Gilukkt, iu Klipitart's Kept. 5:!, lull. (Name 



only.) 

 Placopharynx carinatus Ki.ippart, First h'cport Ohio Fish Commission, 8ti, l.-??. 

 Placojiharynx carinatus Joiu^ax, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mns. i.x, 50, 1877. (Name only.) 

 Placopharynx carinatus JouDAN, Man. Vert. ed. 2(1,311, 1878. 

 Placopharynx carinatus Johdan. Bull. U. S. Geol. Surv. vol. iv, No. 2, p. 417, lf!^78. 



Habitat. — Mi.'^sissippi Valley and Upper Great Lakes. Wabash River {Cope. Jordan). 

 Scioto River. Ohio River. Detroit Kivcr. Illinois River. French Broad River. 



The following is Professor Coi)e's description of this spi'cie.s: — 

 ''The physiognomy and i)roportions of this sucker are those of the 

 Pt. erythrufUH or the 'red horse' of the Western Rivers. 



" The lips are large and i)licate, the anterior pendent like that ot i he /'. 

 collapaus, the posterior full like that of Pt. ccrriims. Mn/.zle veiiically 

 truncate. Length of head in that of body four times; depth of body in 

 same 3.0(1 times ; scales (» — 41 — 5. Radii 1). XIV, V. 0, A. 7. Free mar- 

 gin of dorsal straight, not elevated anteriorly. Occii)ital region more 

 elevated medially than in Pt. crythrurus, superior ridges well marked, 

 with a s])e('i:il addition characteristic of this species, ;ind of none other 

 with which I am ac(piaint«'d. This is a median longitudinal fiontal 

 ridge, extending from the fontauelle to hetweeu the nasal ridges. Onl^\ 



