BIRDS. 75 



out of range. At the time I pronounced it undoubtedly tlie female 

 of Pijrrhula europea, whieli it resembled very much indeed, but now I 

 incline to the belief that it was more likely the male of Pyrrhula cassinii, 

 and that the female was sitting-. I made a life-size drawing- of it, anil 

 showed it to all the Eskimo in the vicinity. None could recognize it ; 

 but some said they had seen such a bird at Lake Kennedy, but that they 

 were "tuunnumik abertook," all red. This may have been Pinicola enu- 

 cleator, Carpodacus purpiirens^ or Pyrrhula europea, as I doubt not but 

 the last species would be called '' all red" by an Eskimo, The rod part 

 would certainly make the most lasting impression on his mind. I tried 

 for some hours to procure this bird, but at last it flew over a ravine that 

 I could not cross. I never got an opportunity to revisit the localit}^, 

 and this interesting discovery had to be left unsettled. The bird was 

 apparently s?afe-colored on the breast, the upper and lower tail-coverts 

 conspicuously white, the top of head and throat much darker than the 

 back. The flight was undulating. It kejit whistling almost constantly, 

 which led me to think it was a male bird. 



9. Carpodacus purpureus, (Gm.)Gniy. 



During a dense fog, September 1, 1877, oft' Eesolution Island, north 

 of Hudson's Straits, one of these birds was caught on boaid the Flor- 

 ence. The Eskimo describe a bird about the size of the 2)uri)le finch 

 that occurs in the interior, and is "all red." Such information is, how- 

 ever, in no manner reliable, as " abertook" may be any color from umber 

 to vermilion, and "all," especially when it comes to red, may be but a 

 small j)art of the plumage. 



10. Loxia leucoptera, (Wils.). 



Caught on board the schooner in a fog off Bonne Bay, Newfoundland, 

 August 15, 1877. Very common in the low pines at the head of Con- 

 ception Bay, Newfoundland, October, 1878. 



11. ^giothus linaria, (L.) Cab. 



"Anarak," Cumberland Eskimo. "Orpinginatook," Greenlanders. 

 Arrive in Cumberland as soon as the snow begins to disappear from 

 the mountain sides. I found them about Niantilic and the Kikkerton 

 Islands in September and October, but very few at our winter harbor. 

 They are now common from Nugumeute to Hudson's Straits, and inland 

 toward Lake Kennedy. Wherever there is a valley with any consider- 

 able vegetation, especially low willows, they are almost sure to be found. 

 Observed abundantly on Disko Island, Greenland, where I found half- 



