plumose distal seta; B2 with 2 subequal setae; Re of 

 equal or (greater length than Ri. Re 7-segmented; Rel 

 with 0-2 setae; Re2 and Re3 separate, partly fused, or 

 completely fused; Re2 with or 2 setae; Re3-6 each 

 with 1 seta; Re7 with 1 seta at about midlength and 3 

 terminal setae. Ri 2-segmented; Ril twice length of 

 Ri2 (appearing much longer in M. major); Ril with 2 

 unequal setae; Ri2 with 2 lobes, inner lobe with 9 

 setae, outer with 7 setae and cluster of hairs along out- 

 er edge. 



Mn B2 length about IVs times width (appearing 

 longer in M. major); Re 5-segmented; Rel-4 each with 

 1 long seta; Re5 with 2 terminal setae. Ri 2- 

 segmented; Ril without saclike appendage on inner 

 edge, with 4 inner edge setae (S. antarcticus and S. 

 magnus with 2, and perhaps Teneriforma naso with 

 3); Ri2 with 11 setae {S. antarcticus apparently with 

 10). 



Mxl B2 about size of gnathobase, with 5 inner setae 

 (M. crassus with 7). Gnathobase with 9 strong, thick, 

 short, spinulose marginal setae, 0, 3, or 4 proximal 

 posterior surface setae, 1 midmarginal anterior sur- 

 face seta, and with or without 1 small distal anterior 

 surface seta; distal posterior surface with spinules and 

 denticles. Inner lobe-1 (beyond gnathobase) and inner 

 lobe-2 about equal size; lobe-1 with 4, 5, or 6 setae 

 depending on genus; lobe-2 with 4 setae, margins with 

 spinules or stiff hairs. Ri terminal segment usually 

 clearly separate, with 7 setae (9 in M. crassus). Prox- 

 imal part of Ri indistinctly segmented (probably 2 

 segments); setation varying with genus. Mxl outer 

 Iobe-1 usually prominent, rhomboidal; with 9 setae. 

 Outer lobe-2 usually absent; on a few species small, 

 nude or with minute seta. Re well-developed ovoid 

 flap, smaller than B2, with 11 long setae; hairs on in- 

 ner margin. 



Mx2 length l'2-2 times width. Lobe-1 (proximal) 

 with terminal midmarginal hook (see Fig. 116) and 6 

 setae (proximal 2 setae usually small); lobes-2-4 each 

 with 3 setae; lobe-5 with 4 setae (proximal seta 

 sometimes much reduced); lobe-6 small or reduced, 

 with 2 setae (1 seta small or much reduced). Ri 3- 

 segmented; Ril-2 each with 1 long seta and usually 1 

 reduced posterior seta; Ri3 with 3 long setae. At least 

 1 seta on each of lobes-2-5, especially 4-5, thickened, 

 shortened, and spinulose. Mx2 outer seta present or, 

 apparently, absent. 



Mxp B2 equal to or somewhat longer than Bl; Bl 

 and B2 together exceeding length of distal part. B2 

 with 5 setae and longitudinal row of stiff hairs, 

 spinules, or denticles (see Teneriforma naso). Ri 5- 

 segmented; length of Ri2 exceeding Ril; Ril-2 each 

 with 4 setae (see T. naso); Ri3 with 3 setae (S. 

 elongatus with 2; see also T. naso); Ri4 with 3 inner 

 and 1 outer setae; Ri5 with 2 inner, 1 outer, and 1 ter- 

 minal setae. 



Male.— Length usually 0.78-2.9 mm, one species 

 4.4-.5.08 mm. Prosome form varying with genus and 

 usually differing from females, widest at Ce and/or 



Thl; Ce and Thl separate or partly fused; Thl-Th4 

 without lateral spinules; Th4 and Th5 separate; Th5 

 at least slightly prolonged, never pointed; rostrum 

 reduced knob, or long cone, or absent; P5 simple; B2's 

 uneven, usually longer on left ("left-handed"), 

 although 2 Spinocalanus spp. "right-handed"; uni- 

 ramus or biramus. Urosome 5-segmented, segment 2 

 longest, segment 5 (anal segment) shortest (reduced, 

 or length Vi-l times caudal ramus); caudal ramus 

 length 1-2 times width. 



Al extending from distal Th4 to beyond caudal 

 rami by up to 3 segments; segments 8 and 9 fused; seg- 

 ment 10 separate from or fused partly or completely 

 with segment 9; segment 20 merging with segment 21, 

 with noticeably wrinkled margins, on right A 1 in left- 

 handed species and on left A 1 in right-handed species; 

 segments 24 and 25, terminal segments, separate; seg- 

 ment 25 reduced or not; except in Teneriforma naso, 

 all segments beyond 10 to near end more or less fused. 



A2 segmentation and setation probably as in cor- 

 responding female, although several setae reduced. 

 Proximal hairs or setules on Bl, and hairs on Ri2, 

 longer than on female. Re length about 2 times Ri 

 because of short Ril. 



Mn B2 swollen, length about equaling width; 

 reduced blade and reduced number and size of B2 

 setae; rami as female except Ri surface setules 

 sometimes longer, and Ril setae sometimes reduced 

 in size and number. 



Mxl gnathobase and other inner processes much 

 reduced and fragile; outer processes similar to female. 



Mx2 lobe-sizes reduced, wider apart than in female 

 (especially in Mimocalanus spp.); setae reduced and 

 fragile. 



Mxp segmentation (see Monacilla typica) and inner 

 setae usually as in female {Spinocalanus elongatus 

 male with typical number of setae, and 6'. polaris 

 male apparently with reduced number of setae). Bl-2 

 narrow, without transverse spine-combs; Ri4-5 outer 

 setae usually reduced or absent. 



Swimming legs generally similar to those in cor- 

 responding female, although surface armature 

 (spines, spinules, setules, hairs, etc.) sometimes vary- 

 ing slightly; number of setae on rami identical to cor- 

 responding female. 



Remarks 



Vervoort (1951) and Farran and Vervoort (1951a) 

 separate the Spinocalanidae from the 

 Pseudocalanidae in which the spinocalanids had been 

 placed by previous workers; these are the first 

 designations of the family and include the genera 

 Spinocalanus, Monacilla, and Mimocalanus, to which 

 Grice and Hulsemann (1965) added Teneriforma (as 

 Tanyrhinus Farran). The publication by Vervoort 

 (1951) was "published in the first half of 1951," while 

 the publication by Farran and Vervoort (1951a) was 

 "published in the second half of 1951, possibly in Oc- 

 tober" (W. Vervoort, pers. commun.). 



14 



