the North Atlantic (see S\ longicornis). The descrip- 

 tion of 6\ abyssalis var. pygmaeus by Farran and Ver- 

 voort (1951a, part) is from Giesbrecht (1892). 



Park (1970) described a new species, S. 

 parabyssalis. the female of which has been identified 

 in the present review as S'. longicornis. The male, 

 however, does not agree with the male S'. longicornis, 

 but is consistent with what would be likely for the 

 male of S. abyssalis. It is therefore believed that S. 

 parabyssalis male is the male of S. abyssalis. Park 

 reported one male S. parabyssalis; a male which he 

 reported as ^S. brevicaudatus (1.38 mm) has been 

 identified in the present study as a second male S. 

 abyssalis (1.13 mm); both males were from the same 

 sample, with numerous female S. abyssalis and .S. 

 longicornis (sample 55, Table 3). 



Giesbrecht's type specimens appear to have been 

 lost (Bruno Scotto di Carlo, pers. commun.). In view 

 of the high number of common characteristics of S. 

 abyssalis and S. longicornis, a neotype of S. abyssalis 

 has been deposited in the U.S. National Museum 

 (USNM 142700). The neotype (sample 30, Table 3) is 

 from nearly the same area and depth as Giesbrecht's 

 specimens; this female is consistent with what is 

 known of the original type material and corresponds 

 to the description given here. 



Of the material examined in the present study, S. 

 abyssalis females from samples 8 and 22 had separate 

 Th4 and Th5 (4 specimens); those from samples 11, 

 24, 25, 28-31, and 55 had partly fused Th4 and Th5 (13 

 specimens). A Mxp B2 spine-comb was absent on 7 

 specimens from samples 30, 31, and 55; a B2 spine- 

 comb was present on 9 specimens from samples 8, 11, 

 22, 24, 25, and 29. 



Distribution 



Many records of Spinocalanus abyssalis cannot be 

 interpreted; unless at least the length of specimens 

 was given, the record could reflect one or a mixture of 

 several species. If lengths were given, a record might 

 be presumed based on the known distribution of the 

 species. Specimens reported from transitional areas 

 should be reexamined. In reports of size groups and in 

 specimens examined in this study, there is a clear dis- 

 continuity between females of the "pygmaeus" form 

 (S. abys.salis and ^\ longicornis) and the "typical" 

 form (.S. brevicaudatus or other species), the former 

 smaller, and the latter larger, than 1.40 mm (see S. 

 brevicaudatus for several records of "S. abyssalis" not 

 mentioned here). 



Probable or confirmed occurrences of S. abyssalis 

 (reported as S'. abys.salis with length range given, 

 and/or 6'. abyssalis var. pygmaeus) are listed below. 

 Those with superscript probably or definitely include 

 other species — see distribution of (a) S. 

 brevicaudatus, (b) S. horridus, and (c) S. terranovae: 



Pacific Ocean 

 North: Minoda (1971)'', 160-2,000 m. 



Northeast: Fleminger (1967), 0-140 m. — von 



Vaupel-Klein (1970)^ 0-1,200 m. 

 Central: Giesbrecht (1888, 1892), 1,000-4,000 m. 



—Present study, 0-1,000 m. 

 Northwest: Tanaka (1953, 1956)" , below 200 m. 



—Minoda (1971)'', 457-500 m. 

 Southwest: Farran (1936), ca. 300 m. 

 Indo-Pacific: Vervoort(1946)\ 340-2,500 m. 

 Indian Ocean 



Northwest: Sciacchitano (1930), 1,000 m. 

 West: Grice and Hulsemann (1967), 750-4,000 m. 

 Atlantic Ocean 

 Northeast: Present study. 

 Eastern Mediterranean Sea: Grice (1971), 1,050- 



1,200 m. 

 Southeast: Unteruberbacher (1964)", 0-100 m. 

 Caribbean Sea: Park (1970), 203-2,800 m. 

 Antarctic 



Pacific Sector: Farran (1929)' , 0-400 m. —Brad- 

 ford (1971)', 0-1,300 m. 

 Indian Sector: Vervoort (1957, 1965)', 250-1,000 



m. —Tanaka (I960)' , 0-400 m. 

 Atlantic Sector: Hardy and Gunther (1935), 500- 



2,000 m. 



Records of small species (usually reported as S. 

 abyssalis var. pygmaeus) from the North Pacific, 

 North Atlantic, or Mediterranean are complicated 

 because of the co-occurrence of S. abyssalis and S. 

 longicornis. Farran (1908), Grice (1963), Grice and 

 Hulsemann (1965), Wheeler (1970), Vives (1970, 

 1971), and Roe (1972a, b) may have examined either 

 or both species. Some specimens as short as 0.8-0.83 

 mm may be either or both species. Some of these 

 records also include larger forms, probably S. 

 brevicaudatus. 



Some records of S. abyssalis contain no information 

 which would help to determine the species: 

 Wolfenden (1904, 1911), Farran (1905), Sars (1907), 

 Lvsholm and Nordgaard (1945), Furuhashi (1961, 

 1966), Shmeleva (1964), and Vinogradov (1970). 



Wilson's (1942) record of ,S. abyssalis appears to be 

 erroneous, inasmuch as the samples referred to, and 

 labeled by Wilson, contained no Spinocalanidae. 

 Wilson's (1950) samples from Hawaii and Peru also 

 contained no Spinocalanidae; the other two samples, 

 from Bering Sea and North Pacific, were not located. 



2. Spinocalanus longicornis Sars, 1900 



(Figures 11-34, 149) 



Spinocalanus longicornis Sars, 1900 (part), p. 75-78, 



pi. 22, fig. 1-12; female only. — Mrazek, 1902, p. 



521. — Brodsky, 1950, p. 133-134, fig. 54. — Vidal. 



1971, p. 19, 24, fig. 48-49, 52-55. 

 Spinocalanus schaudinni Mrazek, 1902, p. 509-512, 



521, pi. 4, fig. 1-12; pi. 5, fig. 1. —van Breemen, 



1908 (part), p. 29, fig. 28 (only). 



20 



