its origin in the larger specimens, probably S. 

 horridus. 



Tanaka's (1956) description of S. spinosus is consis- 

 tent with that of S. horridus given above. The large 

 size and transverse spine-comb on Mxp Bl are not 

 characteristic of i". spinosus. 



Brodsky's (1950) descriptions of two new species 

 from the northwestern Pacific, S. stellatus (female 

 and male) and S. spinipes (female only), are consis- 

 tent with that of 5. horridus except for lateral 

 prosomal spinules on female, which Brodsky did not 

 mention. Brodsky (1952a) said that S. spinipes was 

 more transparent than S. stellatus. The male of S. 

 spinipes is considered S\ magnus. 



Brodsky (1950) described an additional new 

 species, S. dorsispinosus, based on a male from the 

 northwestern Pacific. Brodsky's description is consis- 

 tent with that of male S. horridus except for the 

 presence of a group of spines "on dorsal side of head." 

 Perhaps these spines are present on males of other 

 Spinocalanus species, as well as S. horridus, but are 

 extremely fragile or only present for a short time. A 

 similar feature was noticed in some male 

 Mimocalanus sulcifrons, but not in any other species 

 studied, including S. horridus. 



Brodsky's (1950) description of S. longispinus from 

 the central Arctic was based, in part at least, on an 

 abnormal specimen. His illustration of P4 indicates an 

 inner seta on B2 (never normally present) and many 

 spines on Ril (normally nude in Spinocalanus 

 species). Aside from this, his remarks and other 

 figures are consistent with the description of S. 

 horridus female, except for lateral prosomal spinules, 

 not mentioned by Brodsky. Specimens reported by 

 Vidal (1971) to be S. longispinus were examined 

 (sample 38, Table 3) and found to be equivalent 

 in all respects to other Arctic specimens of S. horri- 

 dus. 



Distribution 



Records of large S. spinosus by Farran (1929), cited 

 by Vervoort (1965); Vervoort (1946); Johnson (1963a); 

 and Grice and Hulsemann (1965; part, up to 2.7 mm) 

 are considered as records of S. horridus. Probably S. 

 spinosus reported by Furuhashi (1961, 1966) and 

 Minoda (1967) are also S. horridus. Records of S. 

 horridus and its synonyms are summarized below: 



Arctic Ocean 



Central: Brodsky (1950), 400-2,500 m. 

 Eurasian Basin: Minoda (1967), 0-850 m. 

 Canadian Basin: Brodsky and Nikitin (1955), 



100-3,800 m. —Johnson (1963a), 0-2,000 m. 



—Dunbar and Harding (1968), 500-2,000 m. 



—Vidal (1971). —Present study, 500-2,500 m. 

 Pacific Ocean 



North: Brodsky (1957), 100-200 m. —Minoda 



(1971), 95-2,000 m. 



Northeast: von Vaupel-Klein (1970), 0-1,200 



m. 

 Northwest: Tanaka (1937, 1953, 1956), 0-1,200 



m. — Brodskv (1950; 1952a, b; 1957), 200- 



4,000 m. —Furuhashi (1961, 1966), 425-3,010 



m. —Minoda (1971), 160-1,800 m. 

 Indo-Pacific: Vervoort (1946), 1,385-1,900 



m. 

 Atlantic Ocean 



Northeast: Grice and Hulsemann (1965), 500- 



4,000 m. 

 South: Wolfenden (1911), 0-1,200 m. 

 Caribbean Sea: Park (1970), 509-1,900 m. 

 Antarctic 



Pacific Sector: Farran (1929), 0-1,000 m. 

 Atlantic Sector: Hardy and Gunther (1935), 



1,000-2,000 m. 



(11. Spinocalanus giesbrechti Brady, 1918) 



Spinocalanus giesbrechti Brady, 1918, p. 17-18, pi. 8, 

 fig. 21-25. 



Type Specimen.S: The Hancock Museum, Newcastle- 

 upon-Tyne, England. 

 Type Locality: Antarctic, Pacific Sector; surface? 



Remarks 



Vervoort (1951; p. 9-10, 70) studied the type 

 specimens of S. giesbrechti and, because of their poor 

 condition, was unable to correctly identify the 

 specimens. Vervoort stated that "the description is so 

 vague and the figures are so bad that I am not even 

 certain if the form is a Spinocalanus at all." Brady's 

 male specimen could not have been an adult; Pi could 

 not be of Spinocalanidae; the P4 appears abnormal; 

 P5 is not from a Spinocalanus species. The female 

 could not have been a Spinocalanidae. 



Since the type material is now useless, it may never 

 be known what species S. giesbrechti represents, but 

 Brady's description is definitely not of any 

 Spinocalanus species. 



12. Spinocalanus validus Sars, 1920 



Spinocalanus validus Sars, 1920, p. 2. — Sars, 1924, 

 1925, p. 29-30, pi. 7, fig. 1-15. —Rose, 1933, p. 85, fig. 

 44. —Grice and Hulsemann, 1967, p. 21, fig. 28-31. 



Type Specimens: Syntypes, females (4.50 mm), Mu- 

 see Oceanographique de Monaco (Belloc, 1960); on 

 slides F5035-F5036, OSLO. 

 Type Locality: Northeast Atlantic, 0-1,400 m. 

 Material Studied: 1 male (4.4 mm), sample 44 (Table 

 3); 1 female (3.7 mm), sample 51. 



41 



