study to be conspecific. Since S. major was not well 

 described, since the specimen from the Esterly Collec- 

 tion is probably but not certainly S. major, and since 

 S. major has remained unused in the primary 

 zoological literature for more than 50 yr, "S. major' 

 should probably be suppressed. 



Brodsky's ( 1950) description of S. pseudospinipes is 

 consistent with that of S. brevicaudatus, with the ex- 

 ception that male P5 (left?) Ri, perhaps broken, is 

 somewhat shorter (Brodsky, fig. 46). The description 

 of S. pseudospinipes precedes by pages that of S. 

 brevicaudatus, but the latter name is well established 

 by recent redescriptions and records, and S. 

 pseudospinipes, by comparison, has been little used 

 and not redescribed. 



Brodsky (1950) was the first to point out that Sars' 

 Norwegian specimens were distinct from both S. 

 abyssalis and S. longicornis, and renamed them S. 

 brevicaudatus. Brodsky did not have specimens, but 

 referred only to Sars' (1901, 1903) descriptions. 

 Semenova (1962) redescribed S. brevicaudatus from 

 fresh specimens; Ri of P1-P2 were not described, but 

 the species was defined essentially by size, body 

 shape, P3-P4 Re2 posterior surface spines, and male 

 P5. 



Brodsky (1955) briefly described S. similis var. 

 profundalis; the description of the female is consistent 

 with that of S. brevicaudatus. 



Distribution 



Most of the records summarized below are of S. 

 abyssalis that probably represent S. brevicaudatus. In 

 some cases the specimens have been reexamined; in 

 other cases, a size, description, or other reference was 

 reported which suggested S. brevicaudatus. Records 

 which include specimens smaller than 1.40 mm are 

 probably also of S. abyssalis Giesbrecht and/or S. 

 longicornis Sars. Tanaka's (1937, 1953, 1956) record 

 also includes S. horridus female. 



Brodsky (1950) considered Jespersen's (1934) record 

 of S. abyssalis as S. brevicaudatus. In this and sub- 

 sequent publications, Jespersen (1939a, b; 1940) did 

 not report specimen size, but indicated that they were 

 equivalent to S. abyssalis Giesbrecht and S. longicor- 

 nis Sars, as well as S. brevicaudatus (as its syn- 

 onyms). Therefore, Jespersen's records are considered 

 as a probable mixture of species. Likewise, Stormer's 

 (1929) and Ostvedt's (1955) records of S. abyssalis 

 from nearby areas cannot be strictly interpreted. 

 However, since the known distribution of S. 

 brevicaudatus includes most of the areas sampled by 

 Stormer, Jespersen, and 0stvedt, their records are in 

 the following summary. Some of this material, es- 

 pecially that of Jespersen (1934) from Baffin Bay, 

 should be reexamined. 



Vervoort's (1951) record is not included in the 

 following summary (see S. terranovae) . 



Three records of S. longicornis are considered to be 

 of S. brevicaudatus: Gran (1902), identified by G. 0. 

 Sars, perhaps the specimen in sample 21 (Table 3); 



Hoek (1906), identified by C. Wesenberg-Lund and G. 

 0. Sars; and Ostenfeld (1916), identified by G. P. 

 Farran. 



The records of Spinocalanus sp. by Figueira (1971) 

 and Roe (1972a, b) are considered to be of S. 

 brevicaudatus. 



Pesta (1927) cites Sars' Norwegian record of S. 

 brevicaudatus as both S. abyssalis and S. longicornis. 



Grainger (1965) listed S. brevicaudatus from the 

 Central Arctic, but this was only a reference to 

 Bogorov's (1946a) record of S. abyssalis (E. H. 

 Grainger, pers. commun.). Bogorov's specimens are 

 considered in the present study to be S. elongatus, 

 since S. brevicaudatus has not been reported from the 

 Central Arctic. 



Park (1970) reported S. brevicaudatus from the 

 Caribbean; four of his five specimens were examined 

 in the present study; two are considered S. abyssalis 

 and two S. aspinosus. 



Grice (1971) listed S\ brevicaudatus from the 

 Mediterranean Sea, but this was a misinterpretation 

 of Rose's (1933) summary (G. Grice, pers. commun.). 



Pacific Ocean 



North: Brodsky (1950), 1,000-4,000 m. 



Northeast: Esterly (1906), 360 m. —Davis 

 (1949), 0-2,300 m. —Fulton (1968), below 200 

 m. —von Vaupel-Klein (1970), 0-1,200 m. — 

 Figueira (1971). —Present study, 0-400 m. 



Central: Present study, 0-1,000 m. 



Northwest: Tanaka (1937, 1953, 1956), below 

 200 m. —Brodsky (1952a, 1955, 1957), 0-8,500 

 m. — Furuhashi (1966), 298-775 m. 



Indo-Pacific: Vervoort (1946), 355-2,500 m. 

 Indian Ocean 



West: Grice and Hulsemann (1967), 750-3,000 m. 

 Atlantic Ocean 



North: Stormer (1929), 50-1,500 m. —Jespersen 

 (1934; 1939a, b; 1940), 0-1,500 m. — Ostvedt 

 (1955), 100-2,000 m. —Semenova (1962), be- 

 low 300 m. 



Northeast: Sars (1901, 1903), 400-600 m. — 

 Gran (1902), 200-1,000 m. —Hoek (1906). — 

 Farran (1908, 1920, 1926), 180-3,600 m. — 

 Nordgaard (1912), 200-600 m. —Ostenfeld 

 (1916). — Lvsholm and Nordgaard (1921), 

 600-1,000 m. —Sars (1924, 1925), 0-4,000 m. 

 — Runnstrom (1932). 100-400 m. —Grice and 

 Hulsemann (1965), 180-4,000 m. —Present 

 study, 1,260 m. 



East: Roe (1972a, b), 350-960 m. 



Southeast: Unteruberbacher (1964), 0-300 m. 



Central: Wheeler (1970), 2,000-4,000 m. 



Northwest; With (1915), 0-360 m. —Semenova 

 (1962), below 300 m. —Grice (1963), 620- 

 1,200 m. —Wheeler (1970), 2,000-4,000 m. 



Caribbean Sea: Park (1970), 1,004-1,850 m. 



Some of Farran's specimens of S. abyssalis (=S. 

 brevicaudatus) are in the collection of the National 

 Museum of Ireland, Dublin (O'Riordan, 1969). 



56 



