right Re. Left Bl reaching midlength of right B2. Left 

 Re 3-segmented; Rel with short outer distal seta; Re3 

 inner edge with long hairs; short terminal seta. Order 

 of length, longest to shortest, of left Re segments: 2, 1, 

 3. 

 Only a single species is known, Teneriforma naso. 



Teneriforma naso (Farran, 1936) 



(Figure 224) 



Tanyrhinus naso Farran, 1936, p. 86-87, fig. 4. — Grice 



and Hulsemann, 1965, p. 231, fig. 8. 

 Teneriforma naso. — Grice and Hulsemann, 1967, p. 



22, fig. 36-38. —Wheeler, 1970, p. 9-10, fig. 27-28. 



Type SPECIMEN: Unknown. 

 Type Locality; Southwest Pacific, 0-600 m. 

 Material Studied: 1 male (0.92 mm), sample 42 

 (Table 3). 



Description 



Female.— Length 0.89-L20 mm. 



Male. — Length of only known specimen 0.92 mm. 

 P5 (Fig. 224) redrawn from specimen of Grice and 

 Hulsemann (1967), sample 42 (Table 3). 



Remarks 



Only about a dozen specimens of Teneriforma naso 

 are known. Farran's (1936) only specimen had ap- 

 parently lost the outer spine of PI Re2, which is pres- 

 ent on this species. He also failed to note the small 

 outer seta of P2 Ri2 and the 2 small outer setae of P4 

 Ri3. 



Grice and Hulsemann (1965) reported two females; 

 lengths 0.9 and 1.1 mm (1966, unpublished station 

 list). 



Distribution 



Pacific Ocean 



Southwest: Farran (1936), 0-600 m. 

 Indian Ocean 



West: Grice and Hulsemann (1967), 750-3,000 

 m. 

 Atlantic Ocean 



Northeast: Grice and Hulsemann (1965), 180- 

 3,000 m. 



West: Wheeler (1970), 2,000-4,000 m. 



Caribbean Sea: Park (1970), 505-1,900 m. 



SUMMARY 



Most copepods of the family Spinocalanidae are 

 known to be widely distributed, and they often com- 

 prise a large proportion, or even a majority, of the 



copepods in deep samples. However, because these 

 copepods are fragile and therefore difficult to study, 

 published records and descriptions of them have 

 generally been vague or misleading. 



As a basis for a review of the Spinocalanidae, 

 zooplankton samples were collected from Fletcher's 

 Ice Island in the Canadian Basin of the central Arctic, 

 in 1967-68. Both sexes of seven species of 

 spinocalanids were identified and redescribed: 

 Spinocalanus longicornis, S. antarcticus, S. horridus, 

 S. elongatus, S. polaris, Mimocalanus crassus, and M. 

 sulcifrons. The depth of greatest concentration varied 

 for each species, but was always below 100 m. Two 

 species were taken in relatively shallow water (80-100 

 m) and four only below 300 m, but all were found at 

 least as deep as 2,500 m. 



Spinocalanus horridus and Mimocalanus crassus 

 are probably cosmopolitan. The other five Arctic 

 spinocalanids, in spite of great vertical ranges, have 

 more or less restricted geographic distributions, and 

 one species, S. elongatus, appears to be endemic to 

 the Arctic. These restricted distributions may result 

 from interactions with closely related species with 

 similar vertical distributions. Spinocalanus longicor- 

 nis, S. antarcticus, and S. elongatus appear to be 

 replaced geographically by the closely related species 

 S. abyssalis, S. magnus, and S. brevicaudatus, 

 respectively. Of these species-pairs only S. longicornis 

 and S. abyssalis are known to have substantial 

 overlapping distributions. The distributions of all 

 spinocalanids in the Arctic/North Atlantic transition 

 area need further study. 



All published records and descriptions of 

 spinocalanids are reviewed. Type specimens of the 

 following species have been examined and 

 redescribed: Spinocalanus abruptus, S. abyssalis, S. 

 aspinosus, S. brevicaudatus, S. hoplites, S. longicor- 

 nis, S. neospinosus, S. oligospinosus, S. ovalis, S. 

 parabyssalis, S. pteronus, S. usitatus, S. ventriosus, 

 Mimocalanus crassus, M. nudus, and M. sulcifrons. 

 Other critical specimens are redescribed, including 

 four species identified by Farran as Spinocalanus 

 abyssalis var. pygmaeus, S. magnus (two species), 

 and S. spinosus. Many named species or forms are 

 placed in synonymy, and two new species, 

 Spinocalanus terranouae and Mimocalanus heronae 

 are described. Spinocalanus ovalis is transferred to the 

 genus Mimocalanus; Spinocalanus longipes is shown 

 to be the male of S. angusticeps; males oi S. abyssalis 

 and S. polaris are considered to be incorrectly iden- 

 tified in the literature; and the male of Mimocalanus 

 nudus and the female of M. sulcifrons are described 

 for the first time. 



The 32 species of Spinocalanidae which are con- 

 sidered valid are distributed as follows: Spinocalanus 

 (19 species, in 3 groups containing 14, 4, and 1 species, 

 respectively), Monacilla (4 species), Mimocalanus (8 

 species), and Teneriforma (1 species). Species of 

 spinocalanids are most easily identified by certain 



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