20. RAIID^ RAIA. 39 



46. T. OCCidentaiis Storer. — Cramp-Jlsh ; Torpedo; Xumh-fish. 



First dorsal iiior(» than twice as large as second, i)laced over the ven- 

 trals; spiracles not fringed, their edges smooth; color almost nniform 

 black, with obscure darker spots ; beneath white ; length li to 5 feet ; 

 breadth [} of length, the disk very blunt or almost emarginate in front. 

 Atlantic coast ; not very common. 



(Storer, Am. .Tdinii. Sci. Arts, 4.'), p. 1G5 ; StortM-, Fi.slio.s Mass. '247.) 



47. T. <':iIifo9'iiic:i Ayros. — California Crtnup-Jish. 



Dark grayish brown above, thickly- spotted with black ; disk broad 

 and rounded, forming more than half the entire length; teeth small, 

 very sharp. Coast of California. {Ayrcs.) 



(Ayres, Proc. Cal. Ac. Xat. Sci. 18.-}4, 70.) 



Super-family RAIOIDEA. 



{The True Eayfi.) 



Family XX.— RAIID^. 



{The Sl-aies.) 

 Rays with the disk broad, rhombic, more or less s»i>inous or rough ; 

 tail stout, rather long, with a longitudinal fold on each side, the skin 

 commoidy rough with spines ; usually two dorsal tins and sometimes a 

 caudal tin present on the tail; i)ectoral tins extending to the snout; 

 ventrals large ; no serrated spine on the tail ; no electric organs ; ovi- 

 l)arous, the eggs being laid in large leathery egg-cases, tour-angled, with 

 two long tubulai- " horns " at each end. Genera 4 or more ; species 40, most 

 of them belonging to the genus Iiaia. Skates of general>y small size; 

 found in all seas. 



'Caudal liii riuliiuciitaiN or altsciit ; pectorals not conlhient around the suout ; ven- 

 trals dccitly notclu'd ". IL\IA. ''7. 



37.— RAIA Linna'us, n.'.S. 



Jx'ays. 



(Artcdi — Linna-ns, Syst. Nat. : type J,'aia cUicata \j.) 



This genus, as here understood, comprises all those L'<iii<l(r whi-ch have 

 the ])ectoral tins not coiitinncd arouiKl llic snout, the \('iitrals dee])ly 

 noti'hed, and Ilic ciiiKhil (in little dexcloped or wanting: tJ>e tail is very 

 distinct liom the disk, and is proxided with two layed dorsal lins; the 

 skin of the body is usually more or less spinous; the dentition (lifters 

 in the two sexes, and the male is usuall\ pro\ ided with ;•. ditferentiated 

 patch of spines on each pectoral. Species numerous. 



