78 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AJIERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 



§^ Maxillary not sliiiping under preorbital i)osteriorly Serranidj:, 85. 



ZZZZ. Anal spines 4 to 10. 



Centrarchid^, 84. 

 WW. Eyes superior; mouth nearly verti- 

 cal Uranoscopic^, 103. 



SS. Vomer without teeth. 



a. Tail with a strong spine on each side; teeth incisor-like TEUTHYDiDiE, 99. 



art. Tail witliout spine. 



b. Anal preceded by 2 free sioines ; gill membranes free from isthmus. 



Caraxgid^, 75. 

 bh. Anal without free sx)ines. 

 c. Teeth setiform ; soft parts of vertical fins completely scaly ; body compressed 



and elevated ; anal spines 3 or 4. 



d. Dorsal fin continuous Ch^todontid^, 98. 



dd. Dorsal fiu deeply notched Ephippid^, 97. 



cc. Teeth not setiform, 



e. Lateral line obsolete. 



/. Gill membranes joined to the isthmus Gobiid^, 104. 



jy. Gill membranes free from the isthmus Centrarchid^, 84. 



ee. Lateral line present. 



g. Dorsal fiu without distinct spines ; no anal sjiines IcosTElDiE, 101. 



</.'/. Dorsal fin with distinct spines. 

 h. Anal spines 1 or 2. 



i. Lateral line interrupted ; no slit behind fourth gill. 



Pomacentrid^, 96. 

 a. Lateral line complete, extending to the tij) of the caudal fin ; head 



scaly Sci^NiD^, 91. 



in. Lateral line complete, extending to the base of the caudal. 

 j. Upper jaw with posterior canines ; dorsal fin continuous. 



Tkachinid;e, 102. 



jj. Upper jaw without canines ; dorsal fins 2 Percid^, 85. 



hh. Anal spines 3. 

 i. Anal with more than 15 soft rays. 



j. Prcopercle entire Embiotocid^e, 93. 



jj. Preopercle serrate Stromateid^, 77. 



ii. Anal with less than 15 soft rays. 

 k. Dorsal spines 9 or 10. 



I. Cheeks and opercles scaly Gerrid^, 92. 



II. Cheeks and opercles chiefly naked Labrid^, 95. 



M. Dorsal spines 11 to 15. 



m. Upper jaw with posterior canines Labrid^, 95. 



mm. Upper jaw without posterior canines. 



* Jaws with incisors or molars, or both SPARiDiE, 88. 



** Jaws with pointed teeth only PRiSTiPOMATiDiE, 87. 



Jclcli. Dorsal spines 17 or more ; anterior teeth canine-like. 



Labrid^. 95. 



7(7(7). Anal spines 6 Cichlid^., 94. 



EE. Ventral rays more than I, 5. 



n. Caudal fin wanting; scales spinous.. MACRURiDiE, 121. 

 nn. Caudal fin well developed. 



0. Tail isocercal ; ventrals jugular Gadid^e, 120. 



00. Tail diphy cereal. 

 J}. Ventral rays about 15; dorsal fin single, elevated. 



LampridiDvE, 80. 



