142 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 



shortened. (Characters of mouth iinkuowii, but probably simihir to 

 macrolejndotum and poscilurum ; it is said to be "much hirger than in 

 P. congestus''\) Rio Grande region. {Glrard.) 



(Ffijchostomus alhidus Grd. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philu. 185(3, 172; JordaUj Man. "Vert. 

 315; Jordan, Ball. U. S. Nat. Mns. xii, 128.) • 



ddd. Dorsal rays mostly less tlian 12 ; body very slender. 



\GTt, i^J. cervJElJIJJl (Cope) Jordan. — J aminnj Mullet ; Jtimp-rocliS. 



Head very short, roundish above, rather pointed forwards, about 5 in 

 length. Cheeks subvertical, their depth less than half the distance 

 from snout to preopercle. Mouth rather large, with thick lips, which 

 are strongly plicate, the folds somewhat broken up. Eye small. Fins 

 very small ; the dorsal rays 10-12 ; free edge of dorsal straight, its 

 longest ray less than head. Scales rather large, G-44 to 49-5. Color 

 greenish brown ; a pale blotch on each scale, these forming continuous 

 streaks along the rows of scales; back with more or less distinct 

 brownish cross-blotches ; fins brownish, not much red, the dorsal black- 

 ish at tip. Size smallest in the genus. Length less than a foot. Rivers 

 of the South Atlantic States from the James to the Chattahoocliee. 



{TeretuJus cervinus Cope, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1868, 23G: Ftijchostomus 

 cervinus Cope, Proc. Auier. Pliil. Soc. Phila. 1870, 478 ; Jordan, Man. Vert. 315; Jordan, 

 Bull. U. S. Nat. Mas. xii, 129.) 



69.— PI.ACOPHAKVMX Cope. 



Big-jaived Suclcers. 



(Cope, Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. Phila. 1870, 4G7 : type Flaeopharynx carlnatus Co^ic.) 



Suckers like Moxostoma in all respects, except that the pharyngeal 

 bones are much more developed and the teeth reduced in number, those 

 on the lower half of the bone very large, G-10 in number, nearly cylin- 

 dric in form, being but little compressed, and with a broad, rounded or 

 flattened grinding surface. The forms and positions of these enlarged 

 teeth vary greatly. In a specimen before us the first tooth is the high- 

 est and most compressed, its summit being rounded and then abruptly 

 truncate. The second tooth is notably shorter and thicker, much larger, 

 and rounded on top, the body of the tooth serving as a peduncle for the 

 swollen grinding surface. The third tooth is still shorter and similar in 

 form. The fourth tooth is similar to the first, being much higher than 

 the second and third, and flat on top. The others seem to be irregu 

 larly alternated or arranged in pairs, a long one and a short one^ tlie 

 long teeth in all cases being the most truncated, as if their surfaces Iiad 

 been most worn off. The mouth is larger and more oblique than usual 



