144 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 



1G9. Q. laccB'a Jor. & Brayt. — Hare-lip Sucker; Ci(t-''ip8; Split-mouth Suclcer; May 

 Sucker ; Eabhit-vioiUli Sucker. 



Head short, conical, with lengthened snout, the region between the 

 eyes flattened and with prominent mucous ridges. Cheeks and lower 

 part of head rather swollen. Opercle much reduced, its greatest length 

 scarcely greater than the diameter of the eye. Head about 4|- in length. 

 Eye 4^ in length of head, about 2 in length of the snout, its situation 

 thus quite posterior. Length of the top of the head 2| in the distance 

 from the snout to the base of the dorsal. Body rather slender, the form 

 being between that of Moxostoma cervinum and M. macroUpidotum, the 

 depth 4f in the length. Dorsal fin rather low, its rays I, 12; A. I, 7; 

 V. 9. Scales 5-45-5. Color olive or bluish brown above ; sides and 

 belly silvery ; lower fins faintly orange. Ohio Valley and southward. 

 A singular species, abundant in some sections (Scioto River, Clincli 

 Eiver, Chickamauga River), but overlooked by naturalists until lately. 



(Lagochila lacrra Jordan & Brayton, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1877, 280 : Lagochila 

 lacera Jordan, Man. Vert. ed. 2, 'Ml : Jordan, Man. Vert. ed. 2, 406 ; Jordan, Bnll. U. 

 S. Nat. Mus. xii, 106.) 



Family XXXL— CYPEINID^. 



{The Carps.) 



Cyprinoid fishes with the margin of the upper jaw formed by the pre- 

 maxillaries alone and the lower i)haryngeal bones well developed, falci- 

 form, nearly parallel with the gill-arches, each provided with 1-3 series 

 of teeth in small number, 4-7 in the main row, and a less number in the 

 others if more are present. Head naked. Body scaly (except in Meda., 

 Plagoptenis, Phoxinelhis, and Aulopyge). Barbels 2 or 4 ; absent in most 

 of our genera, and not large in any. Belly usually rounded, rarely 

 compressed, never serrated. Gill-openings moderate, the membranes 

 broadly joined to the isthmus. Brachiostegals always 3. Gills 4, a 

 slit behind the fourth. Pseudobranchiae present (except in Orthodon, 

 etc.). No adipose fin. Dorsal fin short in American species, elongate 

 in many Old World forms. Ventral fins abdominal. Air-bladder 

 usually large, commonly divided into an anterior and posterior lobe, 

 rarely wanting, not enclosed in a bony capsule. Stomach without 

 ap:)endages, appearing as a simple enlargement of the intestines. 

 Fishes of moderate or small size, inhabiting the fresh waters of the 

 Old World and of :N"orth America. Genera about 200 ; species nearly 

 1,000; excessively abundant where found, both in individuals and 

 species, and, from their great uniformity in size, form, and icoloration, 

 constituting one of the most difficult groups in natural history in 



