226 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 



longer than deep. Lateral liue decurved. Dorsal fin well back, some- 

 what behind ventrals. Anal basis short. Caudal fin strong, its rudi- 

 mentarj' rays not greatly developed. Intestinal canal short. Teeth 2, 

 5-4, 2; the straight limb of the pharyngeal bone extremely long and 

 slender, its teeth wide apart, subconical, scarcely compressed, and but 

 slightly curved at tip, the hook being turned in the direction of the 

 angle of the bone ; no trace of grinding surface. Fishes of very large 

 size, reaching a length of more than 4 feet, the largest of the Leuciscine 

 Cyprinidw. With a general resemblance to Squalius and Gila, this genus 

 differ strongly in the forjn of the pharyngeal bones and teeth. {T^ru/Tj, 

 fold; x-'^/o:, hp; the skin of the mouth behind the jaws being folded.) 



355. P. oregOliensis (Rich.) Grd. — Sacramento "Pike." 



Body comparatively robust, with stout caudal peduncle. Mouth large, 

 the maxillary reaching middle of the eye. Eye small, 2| in snout, 7J 

 in head ; in young specimens the eye is proportionately much larger. 

 Lateral line strongly decurved, much nearer belly than back. Coloration 

 olivaceous ; the fins in spring with red or orange ; scales thickly punctate 

 with dark dots. Head*4 ; depth 5. D. 8; A. 8; scales 12-73-6 (13-79-9 

 in Columbia River specimens); teeth 2, 5-4, 2 (in all specimens exam-' 

 ined; not 2, 5-5, 2, nor 2, 4-4, 2). L. 3-5 feet. Elvers of the Pacific 

 slope, chiefly west of the Sierra Nevada. Largest of our Cyprinidce. 



(Cypriims (LcHcisciis) oregonen'sis Richartlsou, Fauna Bor.-Anier. iii, 305, 1836: rtycho- 

 cheilus gracilis and major Agassiz, Amer. Journ. Sci. Arts, ISoS, 229: (iila grandis 

 Ayres, Proc. Cal. Acad. Nat. Sci. 1854, 18 : Pfiichocheilus oregonensin and grandis 

 Girard, U. S. Pac. R. R. Surv. Fisb. 298-300: Leuciaous grandis and oregonensis Guu- 

 ther, vii, 239.) 



356. P. rapax Grd. 



Body shorter aud deeper than in Pf. oregonensis. Head similar, rather 

 more depressed above. Mouth large, the maxillary reaching middle of 

 eye. Lateral line moderately decurved, passing along the median line 

 of the body between dorsal and ventrals. Dorsal inserted but little be- 

 hind ventrals. Coloration dark; the sides somewhat clouded; fins 

 plain. Head 3|; depth 4|. D. 9; A. 8; Lat. 1. 78. L. 12 inches. 

 Monterey, California. Perhaps not distinct from the foregoing. 



(Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliila. 1856, 209, and U. S. Pac. R. R. Surv. x, 300.) 



357. P. Iiarfoj-di Jor. & Gilb. 



Form of P. oregonensis, but more slender, the lateral line similarly 

 much decurved. Scales much smaller than in P. oregonensis. Caudal less 

 deeply forked, the pectoral longer, reaching f to ventrals. Head 4; 



