37. CLUPElDyE CLUPEA. 265 



"Vomer with an ovate patch of teeth; ventral scrratures weak; herrings. {Cliqmt.) 

 439. C. Iiareng:tis h.— Common Herring; '' Wliitebaii" (ijouikj). 



Bluish; silvery below, with bright reflections. Body elongate, com- 

 l)ressed. Scales loose. Cheeks longer than high, the junction of the 

 mandible and preopercle under middle of e^^e. Maxillary extending to 

 middle of eye. Upper jaw not emarginate. Lov.'er jaw much project- 

 ing. Gill-rakers very long, line and slender, about 40 on the lower 

 l);irt of the arch. Eye longer than snout, 4 in head. Dorsal inserted 

 rather behind middle of body, in front of ventrals. Pectorals and ven- 

 trals short ; anal low. Abdomen serrated in front of ventrals as well 

 as behind. Peritoneum dusky. Head 4i; depth 4i. D. 18; A. 17; 

 Lat. 1. 57 ; ventral scutes 28 -f 13 ; vertebrae 5G. Atlantic Ocean ; abun- 

 dant on the coasts both of Europe and America. Spawns in the sea. 



(Linn. Syst. Nat.; Giiuthcr, vii, 415: Clupea cZo«y7ato Le Sueur, Journ. Acad. Nat. 

 Sci. Phila. i, 234.) 



410. C inia'abilis GiviixA.— California Hairing. 



Bluish above; sides and below silvery; peritoneum dusky. Lower 

 jaw strongly ijrojecting ; upper jaw not emarginate Belly scarcely 

 compressed in front of ventrals, serrate only between ventrals and 

 anal. Gill-rakers very long and slender. Vomerine teeth v/eaker than 

 in G. harengus; usually a lew teeth on tongue and premaxillary. Yer- 

 tebrai also fewer, 30 -4- 20=r)0. Insertion of dorsal slightly nearer front 

 of eye than base of caudal. Head 4^; depth 4. D. 16; A. 14; Lat. 

 1. 52. Pacific coast of Xorth America. Very similar to C. harenyns, and 

 equally abundant. 



(Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Pliihx. 1854, 138; Giiather, vii, 418.) 



** Vomerine teeth none. 



t Cheeks longer than deep, the prooporclo produced forward below. {Pomolohus 

 Eafinesque.*) 

 a. Ventral serratures weak ; mouth cntiiel y toothless. 



441. C Silgax Jcnyns. — California Sardine; Sadxna. 



Dark bluish above; silvery below; a series of round black spots on 



the level of the eye, running backward, bounding the darlc color of the 



back ; similar smaller sjx)ts above, forming lines along the rows of scales ; 



these spots rarely obscure or wanting, especially in old exami)les ; li)) of 



lower jaw yellow ; lower jjart of dorsal yellow ; peritoneum black. 1 >od.\ 



very slender, subsiform, slenderer and less compressed than a lierring, 



the bade rather broad. Ventral serratures very weak. Maxillary reach - 



*Rafinesque, Ichth. Oh. 1820, 38: type Pomolohus chrijsoehloris Eafinesque. (n-(2>/ic, 

 operculum; Xofioi, lobe.) 



