37. CLUPEID.E CLUPEA. 267 



fin inserted nearer snout than base of caudal. Peritoneum i)ale. Head 



4; depth 3|. D. 15; A. 21; Lat. 1. 50; ventral scutes 20+ 16. Kow- 



tbundland to Florida; rather common. Little valued as a food-fisli. 



(Mitch. Tiaus. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y. i, 451: Clapea matlowacca Giintlier, vii, 4:58: 

 Aloaa llneata Storer, Proc. Bost. Soc. N*at. Hist, ii, 242, and Hist. Fish. Mass. 1(52.) 



444. C. venialos Mitch. — Alcwlfe; Branch Herring ; Gaspcreau. 



Blue above; sides silvery; indistinct dark stripes along- the rows of 

 scales; a blackish spot behind opercle. Body rather deep and coin- 

 jiressed, heavy forward. Head sliort, nearly' as deep as long, the pro- 

 tile somewhat steep and slightly depressed above the nostrils. Maxil- 

 lary extending to j)osterior margin of pupil. Lower jaw somewhat p;o- 

 jecting ; upper jaw emarginate. Eye large, sliglitly longer than snout, 

 3J in head. Gill-rakers long, 30-40 below the angle of the arch, shorter 

 and stouter than in C. sapidissima. Lower lobe of caudal the longer. 

 Dorsal fin high, a little higher than long, its height Giin length of body. 

 Head 4|; depth 3 J. D. 16; A. 19; Lat. 1. 50; scutes 21 + 14. Perito- 

 neum pale. Atlantic coast of the United States; abundant; entering 

 streams to spawn; land-locked in the lakes of Western Kew York. 



(Mitchill, Eept. Fish. N. Y. 22, aud Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y. i, 454: Clupsa 

 pseudoharcmjusWilHou, Eees's Encycl. : Alosa tyrannus Storer, Hist. Fish. Mass. 15G: 

 Pomolohun pseudoharenfi us Gill, Kept. U. S. Fish Com. 1871-'72, 811: Fomolobua vernalin 

 Goode & Beau, Bull. Essex lust. 1879, 24.) 



445. C. aestivalis Mitchill. — Glut Herring; Blue-baclc. 



Very similar to the preceding, from which it is best distinguished by 

 the black peritoneum. The fins are lower and the eyes smaller. At- 

 lantic coast, appearing later than the preceding; less abundant and 

 less valuable as a food-fish. 



{Clupea cestivalis Mitch. Trans. Lit. & Phil. Soc. N. Y. il, 1814, 4.50: Alosa cyanonoton 

 Storer, Hist. Fish. Mass. 161: Pomolohus ajstivalis Goode & Beau, Bull. Essex lust. 

 1879, 24.) 



It Cheeks deeper tlian loug, the preopercle scarcely proloncjed anteriorly helow; no 

 teetli, or a lew, caducous, on th(; jaws; shad. (Alosa Cuvier.*) 



446. C sapidissieua Wilson. — Common Shad. 



Bluish above; sides white or silvery; a dark spot behind opercle, and 

 sometimes several along the line dividing the color of the back from 

 that of the sides; axil dusky; peritoneum white. Body comparatively 

 deep. Mouth rather large, the jaws about equal, the lower fitting into 

 a notch in the tip of the ui)per. Preorbital uioderate. Cheeks nuich 



* Cuvier, Eiigne Anini. ed. 2, 1829: typo Clupea alosa L. (Latin alausa or alosa, an 

 early name of the shad; English allis, Gorman alse, Latin halec.) 



