272 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 



serrate. Fins various. No adipose fin. Caudal forked. Small fishes; 

 usually swimming- in large schools. Abundant in all warm seas, occa- 

 sionally entering rivers. Genera 9, species about 60. 



{Clujpddoi group Engraulidina Guntlier, vii, 383-406.) 



t 



* Gill -membranes scarcely connected, the gill-openinga being extremely ^\ifle; no 



pectoral filaments ; anal fin moderate, its origin behind that of the dorsal ; 

 upper jaw pi'ojecting beyond lower; maxillaries not extending beyond gill- 

 openings ; teeth small, or wanting, in one or both jaws.. . Stolephorus, 127. 



127.— STOI.EPMORFS Lac^pMe. 



Ancliovies. 



{Engraulis Cnvier, 1817.) 

 (Lac^pede, Hist. Nat. Poiss. v, 381, 1803: type Atherina japonica Gmelin.) 



Body oblong, compressed, covered with rather large, thin, deciduous 

 scales. Snout conical, compressed, projecting. Maxillary extending 

 backward far behind eye, about to the base of the mandible. Oper- 

 culum narrow, membranaceous. Teeth small, usually on the jaws, 

 vomer, palatines, and pterygoids, those of one or both jaws sometimes 

 obsolete. Anal fin moderate, free from caudal (its rays 15-40). No pec- 

 toral filaments. Dorsal about midway of body, posterior to ventrals. 

 Pectorals and ventrals each with an accessory scale. Adipose eyelid 

 obsolete. Branchiostegals 9-14. Gill-membranes not united, leaving 

 the narrow isthmus uncovered. Species about 25, in all warm regions. 

 {(TToAr;, a stole, a white band worn by priests; (pupdq, bearing; in allusion 

 to the silvery lateral band.) 



* Teeth flue, even, numerous, persistent in both jaws. 



t Sides without distinct silvery band. ' « 



453. S. rinS"eMS (Jeuyns) Jor. & Gilb. — Anchovy.- 



Bluish above; sides and below silvery, not translucent. No silvery 

 lateral band. Body little compressed, rounded above, slightly cari- 

 nated below, not serrated. Head long, anteriorly compressed, the snout 

 pointed and protruding. Head nearly twice as long as deep. Eye 

 large, very near the tip of the snout. Maxillary extending beyond root 

 of mandible. Opercle deeper than long, placed very obliquely. Gill- 

 rakers very long, much longer than the eye. Head 3J; depth 5i. 

 D. 14; A. 22; Lat. 1. 40; B. 14. L. 7 inches. Pacific coast, from Van- 

 couver's Island to Peru; extremely abundant. The largest of our an- 

 chovies. 



{Engraulis ringens Jenyns, Voyage Beagle, 136: Engraulis ringens Giinther, vii, 386: 

 Engraulis mordax Girard, U. S. Pac. R. R. Surv. x, 334: Engraulis nflnws Girard, 1. c. 



