288 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NOETH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 



473. A. nigcr Rich. 



Black, with about 22 luminous spots between chin and ventrals. Bar- 

 bel a little longer than head. Dorsal beginning just behind base of 

 ventrals; i^ectoral not reaching nearly to ventrals. Jaws equal. Eye 

 large, well forward. Head 4; depth 5 J. D. 17; A. 14. Deep waters 

 of the Atlantic; described from specimens from the Grand Banks, per- 

 haps belonging to a different species. 



(Eicliardsou, Iclith. Voy. Sulph. 97; Guutlier, v, 425.) 



Family XLVI.— SALMONID^. 



(The Salmon Family.) 

 Body oblong or elongate, covered with cycloid scales. Head naked. 

 Mouth terminal, varying much in size and form ; maxillary forming the 

 lateral margin of the upper jaw, provided with a snpplemental bone; 

 premaxillaries not protractile. Teeth various, sometimes wanting. Gills 

 4, a slit behind the fourth. Pseudobranchice present, but often small 

 or rudimentary. Gill-rakers various. Gill-membranes not connected 

 free from the isthmus. Branchiostegals 3-20. Ko barbels. Dorsal usu- 

 ally nearly median, not greatly elongate. Adipose fin present. (Cau- 

 dal fin forked. Anal fin moderate or rather long. Ventrals moderate, 

 nearly median. Pectorals placed low. Lateral line present. Abdo- 

 men rounded. Air-bladder large. Stomach ccecal or siphonal ; the py- 

 loric coeca few or many, sometimes obsolete. Ova generally large, fall- 

 ing into the cavity of the abdomen before exclusion. Genera about 20; 

 «pecies 125. A large and varied family; its members inhabit chiefly the 

 fresh waters of northern regions, many of them being anadromous, 

 running up from the sea to spawn in the ri^^ers. One genus {Retro- 

 Xnnna) is found in New Zealand, and the species of Microstoma, Argen- 

 tina, and Hyphalonedrus are mostly deep-sea fishes. In economic im- 

 portance this family ranks among the verj^ first, and the salmon aud 

 trout in all northern regions are the choicest prizes of the angler. 



{Salmonidw Giiuther, vi, 1-205.) 



* Pyloric coeca few or none; stomach ccEcal. 



t Dorsal fiu nearly over the ventrals. (Argentinince.) 



a. Branchiostegals 3 or 4 ; body elongate, subcylindrical Microstoma, 138. 



««. Brauchiostegals 6-8; body compressed. 



b. Adipose fin long and low, scarcely shorter than dorsal fin. 



Mallotus (jnv.) 

 l)b. Adipose fin normal, short and high, 

 c. Veiitnils inserted in front of the middle of the dorsal ; mouth large. 

 d. Scales verj- small; males with villous bands; teeth feeble; pectoral 

 rays 16-20 Mauuotus, 140. 



