292 CONTEIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 



Small fishes of tlie ISTortli Pacific, remarkable for their extreme oiliuess. 

 When dried tliey burn like a caudle. {OdA^ia^ rich 5 i/J>uq^ fish.) 



477. T. pficafflCMS (Rieli.) Grd. — Euluchon ; Candlc-fish. 



Color white, scarcely silvery; upper regious rendered dark iron-gray 

 by the accumulation of dark puuctulations. Body rather elongate, 

 slender, and less compressed than in Osmerus. Head long, blunter 

 than in Hypomesus pretiosus, less compressed, broader, and more con- 

 vex above, Mouth large, the maxillary rather narrow and long, reach- 

 ing beyond the middle of the rather small eye; lower jaw projecting. 

 Opercle with strong concentric striae. Gill-rakers numerous, rather 

 long and slender. Ventrals large, inserted just in front of dorsal. 

 Pseudobranchia) small. Head 45; depth G. B. 8; D. 11; A. 21; P. 11. 

 Lat. 1. 75; pyloric cosca 11; vertebrae 70. L. 12 inches. Oregon to 

 Alaska, ascending the rivers in enormous numbers in the spring. An 

 excellent pan-fish, unsurpassed in delicacy of flesh. 



(Salmo {Mallotus'^.) imdficus Richardsou, Fanu.a Bor.-Araer. iii, 22G: Thaleivhthya 

 stevensi Girard, U. S Pac. R. R. Surv. Fish. '62'>; Giiutlier, vi, 168.) 



142.— OSi^IEBUS LiuntBus 

 Smelts. 

 (Artedi ; Linnajns, Syst. Nat.: type Salmo epcrlanus L.) 



Body elongate, compressed. Head long, pointed. Mouth wide, the 

 slender maxillary extending to i)ast the middle of the eye; lower jaw 

 projecting. Preorbital and suborbital bones narrow. Maxillaries and 

 I)reraaxillaries with fine teeth ; lower jaw with small teeth, which are 

 larger posteriorly; tongue with a few strong, fang like teeth, largest 

 at the tip; hyoid bone, vomer, palatines, and pterygoids with wide set 

 teeth. Gill-rakers long and slender. Branchiostegals 8. Scales large, 

 loose, G()-7() in the course of the lateral line. Dorsal small, about mid- 

 way of the body, over the ventrals; anal rather long. Vertebra? about 

 60. Pyloric coeca small, few. Small fishes of the coasts of Europe and 

 Northern America, sometimes ascending rivers. They are considerably 

 valued as food. (oV/xtj/jot, odorous; the name is equivalent to the Eng- 

 lish "smelt".) 



a. Vomer with a cross-series of small teeth; species spa-wning in the sea. 



478. O. tBialcichtliys Ayrcs. 



Olivaceous, sides silvery and somewhat translucent. Body compara- 

 tively deep and compressed. Head rather short and deej), the ma'xil- 



