306 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 



defined spots, but only fine specklings, which are often entirely obso- 

 lete; head dusky, scarcely any metallic lustre on head or tail; caudal 

 dusky, plain, or very finely maculate, its edge usually distinctly black- 

 ish; fins all mostlyblackish, especially in males; breeding males generally 

 blackish above, with sides brick-red, often barred or mottled. General 

 form of the Quinnat,but the head proportionately longer, more depressed 

 and pike-like ; the preopercle more broadly convex behind, and the max- 

 illary extending considerably beyond eye. Gill-rakers few, coarse, and 

 stout, as in the Quinnat. Accessory pectoral scale short, not half the 

 length of fin. Head 4; depth 4. D. 9; A. 13-14; scales about 28-150- 

 30; B. 13 or 14, rather broad; gill-rakers 9 -{- 15; pyloric coeca 140-185; 

 weight about 12 pounds. San Francisco to Kamtschatka, ascending all 

 streams in the fall, and spawning at no great distance from the sea; 

 abundant in Behring's Straits. At the time of its run the males of this 

 species are much distorted and the flesh has little value. 



{Salmo keta vel Kayko Walbaum, Artedi Pise, 1792, 72: Salmo keta vel Kayko Bloch 

 & Scliueider, 1801, 407: Salmo lagocephalus Pallas, Zoogr. Ross. Asiat. iii, 372, 1S11-'31 : 

 Salmo canis Suckley, Aun. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 1858, 9, aud Monogr. Salmo, 101: Oti- 

 corliijnclius lagocephaltis Giiuther, vi, 161.) 



hb. Anal rays about 16 ; back and upper fins witli black spots. 



501. O. cBlOMiclia. (Walb.) J. &G. — Quinnat Salmon ; King Salmon; Columhia Sal- 

 mon ; Sacramento Salmon; Chinnook Salmon ; Tyee Salmon; Fall Salmon (male) ; 

 Spring Salmon; Winter Salmon; Saw-kwey; Cj^ouiclia. 



Color dusky above, often tinged with olivaceous or bluish; sides and 

 below silvery; head dark slaty, usually darker than the body and little 

 spotted ; back, dorsal fin, and tail usually profusely covered with round 

 black spots (these are sometimes few, but very rarely altogether want- 

 ing); sides of head and caudal fin with a peculiar metallic tin-colored 

 lustre; male, about the spawning season (October) blackish, more or 

 less tinged or blotched with dull red. Head conic, rather pointed 

 in the females and spring males. Maxillary rather slender, the small 

 eye behind its middle. Teeth small, longer on sides of lower jaw than 

 in front; vomerine teeth very few and weak, disappearing in the males. 

 In the males in late summer and fall, the jaws become elongate and 

 distorted, and the anterior teeth much enlarged, as in the related spe- 

 cies. The body then becomes deeper, more compressed, and arched 

 at the shoulders, and the color nearly black. Preopercle and op- 

 ercle strongly convex. Body comparatively robust, its depth greatest 

 near its middle. Yentrals inserted behind middle of dorsal, ventral 

 appendage half the length of the fin ; caudal, as usual in this genus, 

 strongly forked, on a rather slender caudal peduncle. Flesh red and 



