46. SALMONID^ SALMO. 309 



pyloric coeca 75-95. Vertebrce G4. L. 24 inches. Weight 4 to 8 pounds. 

 Columbia River to Kamtschatkaj generally abundant, especially north- 

 ward ; ascending streams in spring to great distances, and often fre- 

 quenting mountain lakes in fall, sjiawning in their small tributaries; one 

 of the most graceful of the JSalmonidw, scarcely inferior to the Quinnat 

 when fresh, but the flesh more Avatery and less valuable when canned. 



(Salmo Jicrlca Walbanm, Artedi, Pise. 1792, 71: Salmo nerka Blocli «& Sclinekler, 1801, 

 417: Salmo hjcaodon Pallas, Zoogr. Ross. Ablat. iii, 370: Salmo japonensfis Pallas, 1. c. : 

 1 Salmo dermatimts and conauetus Richardson, Voyage Herald, Zocil. 167, 1(38 (probably 

 O. keta): Salmo 2)aitcidcn.s Hich'dvdson, Fauna Bor.-Amer. iii, 222: Oncorhi/nchus lijcaodon 

 l>t. and O. paucidena Giintber, vii, 155, 158: Salmo cooperi, paucidens, warreni, and 

 richardi, Suckloy, Monogr. Salmo, 92, etseq.; Jordan, Man. Vert. 357; Jordan, Proc. 

 U. S. Nat. Mus. 1,71, 1878: Salmo kennerlyi Siickley, Ann. Lye. Nat. Hist. N. Y. vii, 

 307, 18G1, and Monogr. Salmo, 145 (young male or grilse, in breeding season) : Salmo 

 kennerlyi GuutlmTyYi, 120: Hypsifario kennerlyi Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1802, 

 330: Oncorhynchus kennerlyi Jordan, Man. Vert. 357, and in Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. i, 

 72, 1878: ? Salmo iapdiama, arabatsch, and melamplerus Cuv. &, Val. xxi, 314-6.) 



150.— SAL.MO Liuuieus. 



Salmons. 



(Artedi; Linna;us, Syst. Nat. : type Salmo salar L.) 



Body elongate, somewhat compressed. Mouth large; jaws, iDalatines, 

 and tongue toothed, as in related genera; vomer flat, its shaft not de- 

 pressed, a few teeth on the chevron of the vomer, behind which is a 

 somewhat irregular single or double series of teeth, which are some- 

 times deciduous with age. Scales large or small, 110-200 in a longitu- 

 dinal series. Dorsal and anal fins short, of about 11 rays each; caudal 

 fin truncate, emarginate, or forked, its peduncle comparatively stout. 

 Sexual iDcculiarities variously developed ; the males in typical species 

 with the jaws prolonged and the front teeth enlarged, the lower jaw 

 being hooked upwards at the end and the upi^er jaw emarginate or per- 

 forate. In some species these peculiarities are little marked. Species 

 of moderate or large size, black-spotted, abounding in the rivers and 

 lakes of illTorthern America, Asia, and Europe; one or two Atlantic 

 species marine and anadromous. The non-migratory species (subgenus 

 Fario) are in both continents extremely numerous, closely related, and 

 difficult to distinguish. The excessive variations in color and form have 

 given rise to a host of nominal species. European writers have de- 

 scribed numerous hybrids among the various species of Salmo, real and 

 nominal, found in their waters; as also among the various European 

 CyprinidcB. We have thus far failed to find the slightest evidence of 

 any hybridism either among our American Salmonidw or Cijprinidce, 

 iu a state of nature. Puzzling aberrant or intermediate specimens 



