312 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 



504« S. salar Linuoeus. — Common Atlantic Salmon. 



Body moderately elongate, symmetrical, not greatly compressed. 

 Head rather low. Mouth moderate, the maxillary reaching just past 

 the eye, its length 2^3 in head; in young specimens the maxillary 

 is proportionately shorter. Preoperculum with a distinct lower limb, 

 the angle rounded. Scales comparatively large, rather largest pos- 

 teriorly, silvery and well imbricated in the young, becoming imbed- 

 ded in adult males. Coloration in the adult brownish above, the sides 

 more or less silvery, with numerous black spots on sides of head, 

 on body, and on fins, and red i^atches along the sides in the males; 

 young specimens (parrs) with about 11 dusky cross-bars, besides black 

 spots and red patches, the color, as well as the form of the head 

 and body, varying much with age, food, and condition ; the black sx)ots 

 in the adult often X-shaped or XX shaped. Head 4; depth 4. B. 11; 

 D. 11; A. 9; scales 23-120-21; vertebrjB 60; pyloric coeca about 65. 

 Weight 15-40 pounds. Korth Atlantic, ascending all suitable rivers 

 in Northern Europe and the region north of Cape Cod; sometimes per- 

 manently land-locked in lakes, where its habits and coloration (but no 

 tangible specific characters) change somewhat, when it becomes (in 

 America) var. sebago. One of the best known and most valued of 

 food-fishes. 



(Linnaeus, Syst, Nat. ; Giiihther, vi, 11, and of nearly all authors : Salmo gloveri Girard, 

 Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1854, 85 : Salmo sebago Girard, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. PMla. 

 1853, 380; Suckley, Monogr. Salino, 143: Salmo sebago ami gloveri Giinther, vi, 153.) 



** River salmon, not anadromous, -with the vomerine teeth largely developed, those 

 on the shaft of the bone numerous, persistent, in one zigzag row or 

 two alternating rows; sexual difierences not strongly marked, the 

 males with the premaxillaries somewhat enlarged; flesh often pale. 

 (Fario Valenciennes*). 

 a. Hyoid bone entirely toothless (tongue with teeth as usual). 

 b. Scales large, in 120-150 series. 

 c. Caudal fin forked. 



505, !§. iridcus Gibbons. — California Brook Trout ; Bambow Trout. 



Body comparatively short and deep, compressed, varying consider- 

 ably, and much more elongate in the males than in the females. Head 

 short, convex, obtusely ridged above. Mouth smaller than in any 

 other species of the genus, the rather broad maxillary scarcely reach- 

 ing beyond the eye except in old males. Eye larger than in our other 

 species, 5 in head. Vomerine teeth in two irregular series. Dorsal fin 



•Valenciennes, Hist. Nat. Poiss. sxi, 227: type Fario argenteus Val. (Fario, a 

 Latin name of the "Salmon Trout"; included species with a single row of perma- 

 nent teeth on the vomer; Salar, Val. 1. c. 314, included those with two rows, a dis- 

 tinction of no importance.) 



