400 CONTRIDUTIOXS TO NORTH AMERICAN JrOHTlIYOLOGY IV. 



/. Teeth villiform; premaxillaries extremely protractile; gills 4. a 



slit behind last; pseudobrauchii-o 



concealed GERraDzK, i)2. 



ff. Teeth not villiform ; premaxillaries moderately protractile ; gills 



3^; last slit obsolete; psendobran- 



chiiB well developed -LAliltiD.E. 1'4. 



EE. Ventral fins, if present, with the rays in more or less than the normal 



number (I, f)). 

 h. Anal fin present, 

 i. Body compressed and elevated; the scales very small, or none. 

 j. Dorsal spines indistinct. 



]c. Ventral rays 4-6 Bkamid.e, 80. 



kk. Ventral rays about 15 Lampridid.e, 78. 



jj. Dorsal spines well developed; ventrals rays about I, 7.Zexid.e, 81. 

 ii. Body not specially elevated. 



/. Ventrals thoracic (if jiresent). 

 m. Ventrals Avith more than 5 soft rays ; scales ctenoid ; head 



armed. 



n. Vent normal Berycid.e, 82. 



MM. Vent in front of ventrals; dorsal spines few. 



Apiiuedoderid^, 83. 



mm. Ventrals few-rayed or wanting; scales small or v/auting. 



0. Upper jaw jjroduced into a sword; dentition feeble; 



gills reticuhxted.. -XiPHiiD^, 72. 



00. Upper jaw not produced; dentition very strong: body 



elongate TRicuiURiDyE, 73. 



II. Ventrals jugular (if present). 



J). Pseudobranchiie i»resent. (Blcuniiform fishes.) 



q. Dorsal with many spines, sometimes entirely spinous. 



Blennhd.e, 113. 

 qq. Dorsal with few spines or none. 



s. Gill-membranes united to the isthmus. 



ZoARCiDJi;, 115. 

 8S. Gill-membranes broadly united, free from the 

 isthmus; ventrals none. 



CONGROGADIDyE, 116. 



888. Gill-membranes separate, free from the isthmus. 

 t. Ventrals filamentous, at the throat ; jaws with 



teeth OpiiiDiiDiE, 118. 



tt. Ventrals none ; jaws toothless. 



Ammodytid^, 69. 

 JP2>. Pseudobranchife obsolete. 



u. Dorsal without distinct spinous part. 

 V. Vent at the throat ; ventrals none. 



FlERASFERID^, 117. 



vv. Vent posterior. 



w. Scales cycloid ; caudal fin present. 



Gadidji;, 120. 

 WW. Scales spinous, keeled; no caudal fin; 

 the tail attenuate. 



Macrurid.e, 121. 

 MM. Dorsal fin with a distinct spinous part, 

 composed of a few spines; ven- 

 trals I, 2 ; gills 3, The gill-mem- 

 branes broadly united to the 

 isthmus Batrachid^, 112. 



