432 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY IV. 



in single series on jaAvs, vomer, and palatines. Dorsals two, the first 

 preceded by a procumbent spine. No finlets. Two strong spines before 

 the anal, connected by membrane. Pyloric coeca numerous. In all 

 warm seas, [rpayoupoq^ the ancient name of T. saurus^ from rpayuq^ 

 rough; nopa^ tail.) 



6§0. T. syBaisnetricMS (Ayres) Girard. — Horse Mackerl. 



Similar to T. saurus, but slenderer and less comjjressed. Arch of 

 lateral line longer, as long as straight part, the junction of the two much 

 beyond tip of pectoral ; plates on the anterior ijart small, crowded, their 

 height less than half eye. Head Sf; depth 4f. D. VIII-I, 31; A. 

 II-I, 27 ; Lat. 1. 48 + 47. Coast of California, from San Francisco south- 

 ward ; very abundant in summer. 



(Caranx aymmetricus Aj'res, Proc, Cal. AcatT. Nat. Sci. i, 1855, 62; Girard, Pac. R. R. 

 Surv, Fish. 107.) 



9§1. T. saursis Raf. — Horse Mackerel; Ship Jaclc ; Smirch 



Greenish, sides silvery; a dusky opercular spot. Body more com- 

 pressed and deeper than iu the preceding. Head rather long. Mouth 

 moderate, the maxillary reaching the front of eye. Eye large, equal to 

 snout, 4 in head ; arch of lateral line short, reaching scarcely beyond pec- 

 toral, 1^- in straight part, the plates high, nearly as high anteriorly as 

 posteriorly, their lieight more than half eye. Head 3^ ; depth 4. D. 

 VIII-I, 29; A. II-I, 28; Lat. 1. 40 + 37. L. 1 foot. Southern Europe; 

 occasional on our South Atlantic coast. 



{Scomber trachuriis Liuu. Syst. Nat. i, 1758 : Caranx traclmrus Lac6pfede, iii, 63 : ? Car- 

 anxomorus phimieriaiius Lac6p. Hist. Nat. Poiss. iii, 84 : 1 Selar japonicus Bleeker, Verb. 

 Bat. Gen. xx, vi, Japan, pi. 8 : Traclmrus saurus Rafinesque, 1. c. 20 : Trachurus trachurus 

 Giinthei, ii, 419. 



220. DECAPTERUS Bleeker. 



Mackerel Scads. 

 (Bleeker, Natuurk. Tydsclir. 18.3."^, v, 417 : type Caranx kurra Cuv. & Val.) 



Body elongate, little compressed, almost perfectly fusiform. Head 

 short, pointed. Mouth rather small ; jaws about equal, the dentition 

 feeble. A supplementary maxillary bone. Premaxillaries protractile. 

 Scales moderate, enlarged and spinous along lateral line posteriorly; 

 second dorsal and anal each with a single detached finlet; free anal 

 spines very strong. Abdomen rather shorter than anal fin. Gill-rakers 

 long and slender. Species numerous. ('5;/;a?,ten; rrrspdv, fin ; there being 

 ten fins, counting the spurious finlets and excluding the free spines.) 



6S2. D. piincfatias (Agassiz) Gill. — Scad ; Bound Eohin. 



Bluish above, silvery below; a dark opercular spot. Eye rather 

 small, shorter than snout, about equal to the width of cheeks or the iu- 



