538 CONTRIBUTIONS TO NORTH AMERICAN ICHTHYOLOGY — IV. 



from that of UpinepJwliis. * * * The skull diflfers from that of Upi- 

 nephelus by the wider interorbital area, the parallelism and continuation 

 of the lateral crests forward to the middle of the orbits inclosing an elon- 

 gated parallelogram, the surface of which, especially between the orbits, 

 is more uniform ; the absence of a frontal crest, the simple curvature or 

 straightness of the naso-vomerine ridge and absence of the angle at the 

 suture between the nasals and vomer." ( Gill.) The species of this 

 group have the anal III, 11, or III, 12. They reach a very large size, 

 and are abundant in the tropical seas. ("/>^??, thrice; r,oo-j?, a keel, in 

 allusion to the presence of the three parallel elevated keels on the top 

 of the cranium, which distinguishes tbis genus from Epinephelus.) 



844. T. brMMBaeaiS Poey. — Black Grouper; Ahadejo. 



Clear brown, covered with spots of darker brown, irregular in size 

 and form; i)ectorals reddish; ventrals bluish; other fins dusky; max- 

 illary with a supplemental bone ; preoperele sinuous ; third dorsal spine 

 not a third as high as the body; soft dorsal highest at its middle. 

 Head 3^ in total length ; depth about 4. Eye 7J in head. D. XI, 10 ; 

 A. Ill, 11; Lat. 1. about 110; coeca 15. {Poey.) West Indies, north to 

 Virginia. 



(Serranus brunneus Poey, Memorias Cuba, ii, 131, 1358; Goode & Bean, Proc. U. S. 

 Nat. Mus. 1879, 143.) 



945. T. faBcatMS Foej.— Scamp. 



Brown, with irregular darker spots, none on the head or belly ; pec- 

 torals edged with blackish and orange. Body moderately compressed. 

 Maxillary reaching vertical from posterior margin of eye; lower jaw 

 much projecting beyond the ui^jier; upper jaw with teeth in a single 

 series, with a short band in front; 4 canines; lower jaw with teeth in 

 two series, and with several canines at the symphysis ; teeth on vomer, 

 in an angular patch; palatine teeth in a single series. Sixth dorsal 

 spine longest ; caudal deeply forked, the external rays nearly twice the 

 length of the middle ones. Head 2} ; depth about 3. D. XI, 17 ; A. 

 111,11; L. lat. 120; L. transv. f |. {Goode (& Bean.) West Indies, north 

 to Pensacola. 



(Poey, Memorias, ii, 138; Goode & Bean, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. ii, 140, 1879.) 



846. T. niicrolepis Goode & Bean. 



Maxillary reaching perpendicular from posterior margin of orbit; 

 each jaw with two canines; upper jaw with an inner series of villiform 

 and an outer series of large slender conical teeth curved inward ; lower 



