106. SCORP.EXIDiE SEBASTES. 651 



sal with S to IG rather strong spines and about as many soft rays; anal 

 rather short, with 3 spines and o-lO soft rays; soft rays in all the fins 

 branched, except some of the lower rays of the pectorals. Pyloric coeca 

 in moderate or small number (less than 12). Pseudobranchia3 large. 

 Air-bladder present. Genera about 20; species about 200, inhabiting 

 all seas, but especially abundant in the temperate parts of the Pacific 

 Ocean, where they form a large proportion of the lish fauna. They are 

 non-migratory fishes living about rocks; most of them are of large size, 

 and all are used as food. Many of them are viviparous, the young be- 

 ing produced in great numbers when about one-fourth of an inch in 

 length. 



{TrirjUdw, group Sco)'2)wniiia pt. Giiuther, ii.) 



a. Dorsal spines 15; vertebra) 12 + 19 ; palatiue teeth present Sebastes, 357. 



aa. Dorsal spines 13; vertebrae 12 + 15 ; palatine teeth present Sebastodes, 358. 



aaa. Dorsal spines 12; vertebra) 10 + 14; palatine teeth present; scales ctenoid, or 



provided with dermal flaps ScorP/ENA, 359. 



aaaa. Dorsal spines 10 or 11; scales smooth, entire Setarciies, 360. 



357.— SEBASTES Cuvier. 



Bosejishes. 



(CuVier, Eegne Anim. ed. 2, ii, 1829: type Perca norver/ica Miiller.) 



Body oblong, compressed. Head large, scaly above and on sides; cra- 

 nial ridges well developed. Mouth terminal, very broad, oblique, the 

 broad maxillary extending to below the eye; lower jaw projecting, 

 with a bony knob at the symphysis ; palatine teeth present. Eye very 

 large; preopercle with five d-ivergent spines; opercle with two; supra- 

 scapular spines strong; gill-rakers long, slender. Scales small, ctenoid, 

 irregularly arranged; no dermal flaps. Dorsal fin continuous, very 

 long, the spinous part much longer than the soft i)art, of 15 strong spines ; 

 anal spines three, strong; caudal emarginate; pectcmils long, narrow. 

 Branchiostegals 7. Vertebra) 12 + 10. Coloration mostly red. Ovoviv- 

 iparous. Species few, mostly of the Northern Seas. (^r/Jaffro'c, magnfi- 

 cent.) 



loot. S. marasiHS (L.) Liitken.— i?o.s<'-^.s;*; Hed-fish ; Snapper; TTeiudiirgan. 



Orange red, nearly uniform, sometimes a dusky opercular blotch, and 

 about 5 vague dusky bars on the back. Body ovate; back elevated, 

 the ventral outline straightish; top of head evenly scaled; interorbital 

 space with two low ridges, between which it is concave; nasal spines 

 present; cranial ridges moderate, rather low and sharji; preocular, 

 supraocular, postocular, tympanic, and occi])ital ridges present, the 

 latter with the tips abruptly divergent; suprascapular spines very sharp 



