107. COTTID.E — COTTUS. 701 



bones, orbital rim, and shonlder giidlo nsnally armed; gill-ineuibranos 

 lorining a fold across the rather narrow isthmus; slit behind last gill 

 small or wanting, often reduced to a mere ])ore; vertebrae about 2<S. 

 Branchiostegals mostly G. Dorsal fins 2, separate, the first short, its 

 spines rather slender; ventral n\ys usually I, o. Species numerous in 

 the seas of northern regions, [/.orro^, the ancient name of Uranidea 

 (johio, from y.o-roc;, head.) 



u. Head with small tentacles; lateral line -with distinct plates. 



■107I. C bubalis Eui)hraseu. — Fatlicr-httihcr. 



Colors variegated, tlie dark markings sometimes red. Head broad, 

 depressed, covered with soft skin, in which are many mucous pores; 

 maxillary reaching past middle of orbit; upper preopercular si)iue 

 straight, slightly longer than eye; opercular spine granidated at base; 

 small cirri above eye and elsewhere on head ; usually one on end of 

 maxillary; cranial bones mostly covered by skin; lateral line with 

 some bony plates, which are most distinct anteriorly; these are very 

 nuich smaller than in Enoplirys hison; interocular space very narrow, 

 its ridges continuing ba(;kward, serrated, each ending in a sharp spine; 

 no trace of slit behind last gill; spinous dorsal low; anal small; pecto- 

 rals reaching front of anal; ventrals moderate. Head 23; dei)th og, 

 1). Yni-12; A. 9; Vertebra 12 + 17. Arctic Europe; said to stray to 

 Greenland. 



(Enpliraseu, Nya Scliwed. Abliaudl. 1786, G4; Guuther, ii, 1G4; Day, Fisli. Gt. Brit. 

 Ireland, 18S0, 51.) 



ati. Head without tentacles; lateral line unarmed or with concealed plates. 



ICya. C. octodccHnB«>B>iBaosBBS Mitch. 



Olivaceous, with transverse dark bars, paler below; fius barred and 

 mottled; ventrals plain. Body very sleiuler, tapering backward to 

 the long and slender caudal peduncle. Head long and narrow; mouth 

 moderate; maxillary not extending past eye, 2^ in head. Upi)er pre- 

 opercular spine extremely long, longer than eye, extending beyond tip 

 of oi:)ercular spine, its length more than 4 times that of the spine below 

 it; a strong si)ine at ui)i)er posterior margin of orbit directed upwai-d 

 and backward; occipital ridges long, low, converging behind, each 

 ending in a similar spine. Vertex nearly flat. Eye very large, as long- 

 as snout, 4.J in head, nuich wider tlian interorbital s])ace; nasal spines 

 sharp. Skin usually willnuit rough tubercles; lateral line willi a series 

 of partly concealed i)lates. Spinous dorsal higher than soft dorsal; 

 the spines strong, the longest nearly half head; pectorals reaching 



