113. PLEURONECTES PLATYSOMATICHTHYS. 819 



ing ill the !N"orthern seas. (The ancient name, from Itzttoi;, horse; yXibaaa^ 

 tongue.) 



1361. H. vulg:aris Fleming.— SaViftw^ 



Nearly uniform dark brown; blind side white. Body comparatively 

 elougate, not strongly compressed, deep mesially, thence rapidly taper- 

 ing each way; head broad; eyes large, separated by a very broad flat- 

 tish area; lower eye slightly advanced; mouth large, the maxillary 

 reaching middle of orbit. Head 3f ; depth 3. D. 105; A. 78. In all 

 Northern seas, south to France, Cape Cod, and San Francisco. One 

 of our most important food -fishes, reaching a weight sometimes of 400 

 pounds. 



(Pleuronectes liippoglosum L. Syst. Nat.; Fleming, Brit. Anim. 1828, 197; Gunther, 

 iv, 403: Htppoglossus amerk-anus Gill, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 1864, 220.) 



452.— PLAT rSOIflATICHTHYS Bleeker. 



{lieinhardtius Gill.) 



(Bleeker, Comptes Eendns Acad. Sci. Amsterd. xiii, 1862: type Pleuronectes pinguia 

 Fiihr\cins=:^ Pleuroneciea hippoglossoides Walbaum.) 



Eyes and color on the right side. Body more or less elongate, com- 

 pressed; head long and large; mouth large; maxillary reaching be- 

 yond eye; jaws with strong, unequal teeth; the upper with 2 series in 

 front, these converging behind; lower jaw with a single series of strong, 

 distant teeth; no teeth on vomer or palatines. Gill-rakers few, short, 

 stout, and rough. Fins rather low; caudal fin lunate. Lower pha- 

 ryngeal teeth in 1 row. Scales small, cycloid; lateral line without 

 anterior curve. One species known. (Tr^.aTo?, flat; c-w/jta, body; ix(^u<;j 

 fish.) 



12G2. P. liippo$;!ossoB<les (Walbaum) Bean. — Greenland Halibut. 



Yellowish brown. Snout more than twice as long as the orbit, the 

 diameter of which is one-eighth the length of the head; eyes even in 

 front ; interorbital space flat, scaly, wider than the orbit ; lower jaw 

 prominent; length of maxillary 2^ in head; teeth conical, pointed; 

 upi)er jaw with 2 series, convergent posteriorly; those of the outer 

 series gradually smaller posteriorly; a pair of strong canine teeth 

 anteriorly in the inner series, the other teeth of this series being very 

 small ; lower jaw with a series of strong, distant teeth. Gill-rakers 

 short, thick, and strongly dentate. Fins naked. Longest dorsal rays 

 one-third length of head; no anal spine; dorsal and anal rays all 

 simple, the dorsal beginning over posterior third of the eye. Scales 



