113. PLEURONECTID.^^PLEURONECTES. 835 



12§6. P. asper Pallas. 



Brown, nearly plain, the blind side witli tinges of lemon-yellow. 

 Form of P. hUineatus. Teeth small, almost conical, on both sides of the 

 mouth; interorbital space narrow, scaly; opercle and preopercle naked 

 below. Gill-rakers very feeble. Pharyngeals not very broad, their teeth 

 bluntish, not paved. Scales small, wide apart, partly imbedded, each 

 one with 1-4 spinules, which are almost erect; anterior scales with 3-4 

 of these spinules; posterior mostly with 1; scales of blind side smoother; 

 "middle rays of dorsal and anal only scaly. No accessory lateral line. 

 Anal sijine present; twentieth anal ray and thirty-seventh dorsal ray 

 longest; caudal double truncate. Head 3J; depth 2. D. G9; A. 53. 

 Alaska to Kamtschatka. 



(Pleuronecfes asper Pallas, Zoogr. Ross.-Asiat. iii, 425, 1811: rieuronectes as2)er Gun- 

 ther, iv, 454: Limanda aspera Beau, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1881, 242.) 



12§7. P. toeaiii (Goode) J. &. G. 



Grayish, mottled with darker; a conspicuous black blotch on the 

 outer rays of caudal on each side. Body elliptical, with angular out- 

 lines, strongly compressed; head very short; snout abbreviated; mouth 

 small, subvertical ; teeth small, apparently in two rows, chiefly on the 

 blind side of lower jaw; eyes large, as long as mandible; interorbital 

 space very narrow. Dorsal fin beginning about jnipil, its rays loug, 

 wide apart, exserted ; right ventral near the median line. Caudal broad, 

 fan-vshaped. Lateral line with an abrupt curve, the length of which is 

 twice its height and about equal to length of head, its scales highly 

 specialized; lateral line on colored side less developed. Scales small, 

 strongly ctenoid on the right side; larger and cycloid on the blind side. 

 Head 5^ ; depth 2f . D. 64 ; A. 03 ; Lat. 1. 88, 27 scales in its curve. 

 Deep water oft' the Rhode Island coast. {Goode.) 



{Limanda beani Goode, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 1880, 473.) 



ee. Lateral line without anterior arch. 



/. Eyes and color on either side ; scales coarse, stellate; lower pharyngeals broad, 

 with paved teeth, {riatichthya* Grd.) 



1288. P. stellatus Pallas.— Ca/j/ornia "Flounder." 



Dark brown or nearly black, with lighter markings; fins reddish 

 brown; dorsal and anal with four or five vertical black bands; caudal 

 with three or four black longitudinal bands. Body broad and short, 

 the snout forming a slight angle with the profile; lower jaw projecting; 

 interocular space rather broad, with very rough scales. Large rough 



*Girard, Proc. Ac. Nat. Set. Phila. 1856, 136: type Platichthys rugosus Grd. {TtXarvi, 

 flat; ixOvi, fish.) 



