embryology of marine invertebrates and regeneration; Raymond 

 Osburn (1904) taxonomy and distribution of Bryozoa; George H, 

 Parker (1888-1903) fish behavior and physiology of hearing and 

 lateral line; William A. Patten (1893-99) morphology of Limulus, 

 ancestry of vertebrates; William M. Wheeler (1900-02) free- 

 swimming copepods of the Woods Hole region; E. B. Wilson (1877- 

 1886) embryology of moUusks, cell lineage; and many others. 



The work of a few zoologists on the staff of the Woods Hole 

 Station was concerned with practical fishery problems and various 

 scientific pursuits. The authority of the biologist in charge, who 

 sometinnes was called "Director" or "Summer Director" of the 

 Laboratory, was somewhat lim.ited. Administrative responsibility 

 for maintenance of the buildings, grounds, and small boats, as 

 well as hatchery operations, were the duties of the Superintendent, 

 who took orders directly from the Washington office. 



From 1898 to 1901 the Laboratory was under the directorship 

 of H. C. Bumpus. In addition to his other researches, Bumpus 

 made observations on the reappearance of the tilefish, Lopholatilus 

 chamaeleonticeps. In 187 9, large schools of tilefish were 

 discovered in the waters south of Nantucket Shoals. Three years 

 later, multitudes of dead fish of this species were found on the 

 surface throughout its entire area of its distribution north of 

 Delaware Bay. This mass mortality attracted a great deal of 

 public attention and was studied by the Fish Commission every 

 year from 1882 to 1887. Not a single tilefish was found during 

 this period. In 1898, however, the tilefish had become numerous 

 again, and the Fish Commission schooner Grampus on three short 

 trips caught several hundred fishes each weighing from 1/2 to 29 

 pounds. The mortality in 1879-80 was attributed to the influx of 

 abnormally cold water, but this explanation has not been definitely 

 substantiated. 



During Bumpus' directorship, a new investigation of 

 parasitic copepods infesting connmon food fishes was undertaken. 

 Little was known at that tinae about this important group of Crustacea, 

 Charles B. Wilson (fig. 25) was invited to undertake the study. He 

 resolved to make it his life's work, and began a painstaking 

 determination and description of parasitic species. Since the year 

 18 99, his first summer at Woods Hole, C. B, Wilson continued his 

 association with the Bureau of Fisheries working on copepod 

 collections he made himself or those which were assembled for 

 nearly 25 years by the U, S. S. Albatross. The importance of his 

 undertaking was such tHatTn r901 the entire collection of parasitic 

 copepods in the National Museum in Washington, D. C. , was turned 

 over to him, also the various stations and hatcheries of the Bureau 

 of Fisheries were instructed to collect this material and forward 

 it to him for identification. Being a man of broad scientific back- 

 ground, he was placed in charge of the economic survey of Lake 

 Maxinkuckee, Indiana, Here he obtained the material for his monographic 



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