Galium.. KUBIACE-E. 39 



filiform pedunclos or l)ranchlet,«, and on filiform but rather short pedicels : corollas bright 

 white. — FI. ii. 23; Gray, Man. 1. c. Perhaps G. parvljiorum, Kaf. in Med. Rep. v. ,3G0, & 

 Desv. Jour. Bot. i. 227 1 — Dry hills, Pennsylvania and Virginia to Michigan, Illinois, Ken- 

 tucky, and Arkansas, first coll. by Short. 



^— H— -(— Leaves in sixes, sometimes fives or on the bianclilets fours, cuspidately mucron:ite or 

 acuminate. 



•M- Fruit smooth and glabrous: plant rough and adhesive by retrorse prickles: flowers biight 

 white. 

 G. asprellum, Michx. Glabrous, paniculately branched, erect and 2 feet high, or when sup- 

 ported by bushes 3 to .'j feet high, very floriferous : leaves lanceolate, about half-inch long, in 

 sixes or on the branchlets fives or fours ; their margins, midrib beneath, and prominent angles 

 of the stem armed with strong retrorse prickles rather than liristles : cymes many-flowered : 

 fruits small, like those of G. trijidam. — Fl. i. 78 ; DC. Prodr. iv. 598 ; Torr. & Gray, 

 Fl. ii. 23. G. Pennsylvanicum, Muhl. Cat. ; Willd. ex Rcem. & Schult. Syst. Maut. iii. 183. 

 G. apinnlosum, Raf. Prec. Decouv. 1814, 40. G. micranthum, Pursh, Fl. i. 103 ? by the char., 

 except as to fruit. — Alluvial ground, especially low and .shaded banks of streams, Canada, 

 New England to Michigan and mountains of Carolina. (E. Asia 1) 



++ ++ Fruit from scabrous or papillose to uncinately hispid: angles of the stem and midrib beneath 

 minutely retrorse-hispidulous or scabrous or nearly naked in the same species: margins of leaves 

 either antrnrsely or retrorsely hispidulous-ciliolate, or naked in the same species, or even on 

 different parts of same leaf. 



Gc. asperrimum, Gray. Stems erect or diffusely ascending, but weak, a foot or two high, 

 probably from a perennial i"Oot : leaves lanceolate (about half-inch to inch long) : cymes 

 twice or thrice diehotomous, with filiform peduncles and pedicels : corolla white or turning 

 purplish : ovary merely pulierulent or scabrous : fruit granulate-scabrous, and sometimes 

 minutely hispidulous. — PI. Fendl. 60, & Bot. Calif, i. 284; Watson, Bot. King Exp. 134; 

 Rothrock in Wheeler Rep. vi. 138. — Shady places in mountains. New Mexico (first coll. by 

 Fendler) and Arizona to Nevada, California, and E. Oregon; mostly var. asperulum, Gray, 

 Bot. Calif. 1. c. ; but the hispid or hispidulous roughness very variable. 



Gr. triflorum, Michx. Diffusely procumbent, smoothish : herbage sweet-scented (as of 

 Aspenda odomla) in drying: stems a foot to a yard long: leaves elliptical -lanceolate to 

 narrowly oblong (inch or two long) : cymes once or twice 3-rayed : pedicels soon divari- 

 cate : corolla yellowish white to greenish, its lobes hardh^ surpassing the bristles of the 

 ovary: fruit uncinate-hispid. — Fl. i. 80; Willd. Ilort. Berol. t. GG ; Pur.sh, Fl. i. 104; Hook. 

 I.e.; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. G. cuspidahun, Muhl. Cat.; Ell. Sk. i. 197; DC. 1. c. G. hra- 

 chiatum, Pursh, 1. c. 103. G. suaveolrns, Wahl. Fl. Lapp. 48. G. Pennsylcanicum, Barton, 

 Comp. Fl. Philad. 83. — Open and dry or moist woods, Canada to Alabama, Colorado, Rocky 

 Mountains, W. California, and north to Alaskan Islands. (N. Eu., Japan.) 



# * * Perennials with suffrutescent or suffruticose base : leaves 4 in the whnrls ; thoir margins, 

 midrib, and angles of stem destitute of retrorse hispidness or roughness : fruit hirsute witli long 

 and straight (not at all uucinate-tipped) bristles: Western species of arid districts. — § Tiicho- 

 ffalium, Gray. 



•f— Flowers hermaphrodite or monoecious-polygamous, paniculate and short-pediccUcd, small: 

 corolla only a line in diameter, brown-purple: stems numerous in tufts from the woody base, 

 a foot or less high, slender, much branched: leaves narrow, 2 to 4 lines long, one-nerved, 

 pointless. 



G. Rothr6ckii, Gray. Glabrous, erect: leaves narrowly linear, rigid : bristles not very 

 copious, not longer than the body of the fruit. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 203. — S. Arizona, 

 Wriijlit (mixed with the following species), Rothrock, Lcmmon. (Lower Calif., Orcutt.) 



G. Wrightii, Gray. Hirsute-pubescent throughout, diffuse : leaves linear to narrowly 

 oblong, hardly at all rigid : bristles of fruit as long as its diameter. — PI. Wright, i. 80, ii. 

 67. — Crevices of rocks in ravines, W. Texas to S. Arizona, Wright, Lemmon. 

 •h- -(— Flowers dioecious : corolla greenish wliite or yellowish. 



•H- Leaves narrowly linear, with midrib little prominent and no lateral nerves or veins : stems 



elongated. 



G. angUStif61ium, Nittt. Becoming .shrubby at base, 1 to 4 feet high, with rigid virgate 

 branches, smooth and glabrous or minutely pruinosc-puberulent : leaves barely mucronulate 



