Valeriana. VALERIANACEJi:. 43 



laciiiiate-pinnatifid ; cauline rarely none, commonly 1 to 3 pairs, sessile, and pinnatelj' parted 

 into 3 to 7 linear or lanceolate divisions, or terminal one spatiUate ; flowers polygamo-dice- 

 cious, yellowish white, sessile in the cymules, which form an elongated thyrsiform naked 

 panicle: fruit ovate, pnberulent or glabrous. — Nutt. in Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 48; Gray, PI. 

 Fendl. 61, «& Man. Bot. V. ciliata, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Patrinia ccratoplujUa, Hook. Fl. i. 

 290. P. lon(jifolia, Macnab in Edinb. Phil. Jour. xix. — Wet plains and i)rairies, Ohio and 

 W. Canada to Brit. Columbia, and south in the mountains of Colorado and Nevada to New 

 Mexico and Arizona. Root a staple food of the Root-diggers and other Indians. 



* * Erect from creeping or ascending (but not vertical) rootstocks, which emit slender roots, gla- 

 brous or with a little sparse pubescence: leaves thinnish, loosely veiny, often with some simple 

 and some divided and margins either entire or dentate on same plant ; the radical ones on slen- 

 der naked petioles: bracts of the cyme slenderly linear-subulate, mostly longer than the (usually 

 quite glabrous) fruit: flowers hermaphrodite, but in the first species more or less dimorphous : 

 corolla white to light rose-color. 



•1— Tube of corolla from shorter than the throat and limb to less than twice their length: no sar- 

 mentose radical branches. 



V. sylvatica, Baxks. Stems from 8 to 30 inches high : radical leaves mostly simple and 

 ovate to oblong, occasionally .some 3-5-foIiolate ; cauline more or less petioled, 3-11-foliolate 

 or parted, the divisions entire or rarely few-toothed : fruiting cymes open, at length thyrsoid- 

 paniculate : corolla 3 lines or in more fertile form only 2 lines long; tlie tube short : stigma 

 nearly entire. — Richards. App. Frankl. Journ. ed. 2, 2 ; Hook. Fl. i. 291 ; Beck, Bot. 164 ; 

 Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 47 (with var. ul'ujinosa, a somewhat pubescent form) ; Gray, Man. & 

 Bot. Calif, i. 287. V. dioica, Pursh, Fl. ii. 727. V. dioica, var. sylratica, Gray in Proe. 

 Acad. Philad. 1863, 63; Watson, Bot. King Exp. 136. — Wet ground, Newfoundland and 

 Hudson's Bay country, south to S. New York, west to Brit. Columbia, and southward in the 

 moi^ntains to New Mexico and Arizona. In S. Utah it occurs with pnberulent fruit, as 

 collected by Palmer. 



V. Sitchensis, Bo\g. More robust, from thicker and branching ascending rootstocks : 

 leaves larger ; cauline short-pctiolcd, only 3-5-foliolate ; the divisions orbicular to oblong- 

 ovate, or in the upper leaves ovate-lanceolate, not rarely dentate or repand (larger 2 or even 

 3 inches long) : cymes contracted : corolla funnelform, 4 lines long (but also a shorter form) : 

 stigma entire. — Veg. Sitch. 145; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ii. 438. V. pane! flora, Hook. Fl. i. 292, 

 t. 101, not Miclix. V. capitafa,\ar. Hookeri, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 48. — jMoist woods, Sitcha, 

 British Columbia, and through Washington Territory to S. Idaho and the northern Rocky 

 Mountains. 



V. capitata, Pall. Stem rather slender from a creeping rootstock, 6 to 20 inches high, 

 with long internodes ; cauline all sessile (or lowest very short-petioled), only 2 or 3 pairs, all 

 undivided and entire or few-toothed or some of them 3-parted, mainly ovate or oblong, au 

 inch or two long : cyme capituliform or in fruit open-glomerate : corolla, &c. as of the pre- 

 ceding, 3 or 4 lines long: stigma 3-lobed. — "Link Jahrb. i. 3, 66," ex Rccm. & Schult. Syst. 

 Mant. i. 257; DC. Prodr. iv. 637; Hook. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. (excl. var.) ; Ledeb. Ic. 

 PI. Ross. t. 346, & Fl. Ross. ii. 435; Trautv. Imag. t. 39.— Alaskan coast and Islands, north 

 to Arctic region, first coll. by Pallas. (Adj. Asia to N. Eu.) 



-K- -i— Tube of corolla slender, much longer than the throat and limb. 



V. Arizonica, Gray. A span or two high from tufted creeping rootstocks, glabrous, no 

 sarmentose Jjranches : leaves somewhat succulent; radical ovate (inch long), mostly entire 

 and simple, some with one or two pairs of minute lobes on upper part of the rather long and 

 margined petiole ; cauline 2 pairs, subsessile, 3-5-parted, lobes oblong to lanceolate : cyme 

 glomerate : corolla half-inch long, tubular, with gradually expanding throat : stigma mi- 

 nutely 3-cleft. — Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 81 . — Arizona, in the mountains near Prescott, Palmer. 

 Santa Catalina Mountains, Lemmon. Fruit not seen. 



V. pauciflora, Miciix. Stem 1 to 3 feet high from a slender creeping rootstock, erect, and 

 with basal sarmentose branches or runners : leaves thin ; radical and lowest cauline cordate 

 and long-petioled, crenate or entire, not rarely with one and sometimes two pairs of small 

 roundish lateral leaflets; upper cauline pinnate, with 3 larger leaflets ovate, one or two 

 lower pairs smaller and more remote, lowest near base of petiole : cyme corymbiform and 

 somewhat glomerate, commonly many-flowered (notwithstanding specific name) : tube of 



