Dipsacus. DIPSACACE^. 47 



* * Fruit strongly carinatc-angled dorsally: cotyledons accumbent (transverse) to the ventral face. 

 ■i— Wings eoiisijicuoiis, more or less introrse, in the last species small. 



V. COngesta, Lixdl. Commouly rather stout : flowers in a capituliforra or oblong simple 

 or interrupted thyrsus, or sparingly verticillastrate below : corolla rose or flesh-colored, 3 or 

 4 lines long or in some individuals smallei", with obviously bilabiate limb, and spur half or 

 less the length of the very gibbous throat : fruit broadly winged, and with prominent but 

 rather obtuse keel, from glabrous to pubcrulent or sometimes thickly short-villous either on 

 fertile cell or on wings also. — Bot. Keg. t. 1094 ; Gray, 1. c. Plcctritis corigesta, DC. Prodr. 

 iv. 631 ; Hook. 1. c. ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. ; Gray,I3ot. Calif, i. 287. P. bracJiystemon, Fisch. & 

 Meyer, Ind. Sem. I'etrop. 1835, Suppl. 47 (22), a form with smaller flowers (the state with 

 included stamens and style) and villous-pube.scent fruit, according to specimen from St. 

 Petersb. garden ; but the char, of flowers, four times smaller than in P. comjesta and white, 

 would be that of V. macrocera. — Low and moist ground, Brit. Columbia to W. California. 



V. anomala, Gray. Either slender or rather stout, freely branching : corolla only a line 

 long, white or flesh-colored, wholly destitute of spur, at most a small mammajform giljbosity 

 near the base of the short and broadly funnelform throat ; limb small, obscurely bilabiate 

 (usually 4-lobed aud posterior lobe eniarginate or 2-cleft) : fruit comparatively large (mostly 

 a line aud a half long), acutely angled with sharp edge on the back, with broad wings usually 

 inflexed at base and expanding above, but some fruits wingless. — Proc. Am. Acad. xix. 83. 

 — Wet grounds on and near the Columbia Piver; Multnomah Co., Oregon, Howell, aud 

 Klickitat Co., Washington Terr., Suksclorf. 



V. aphanoptera, Gray, 1. c. Slender, with aspect and inflorescence of the next : corolla 

 only a line long, white, with obviously bilabiate limb and short basal spur : fruit puberulent 

 or glabrate, trigonous ; dorsal angle salient but rather obtuse ; lateral angles with distinct but 

 narrow incurved wings. — Springy ground on hillsides, along the Columbia River, Washing- 

 ton Terr., Suksdorf. Columbia Plains, Nuft(dl, under unpublished name of Plectritis capi- 

 tcita, a])])ears to be the same; specimen insufficient. 



•ir- 4— Wings wholly wanting to the triquetrous fruit, the lateral angles of which resemble the 

 dor.'jal. — Betckea, DC. 



V. samolif olia, Gray, 1. c. A span to a foot high : verticillastrate clusters 2 to 4, small : 

 bracts slender-subulate (not pinuately parted as Hoeck states, but uppermost sometimes pal- 

 mately 3-parted) : corolla a line or so in length, obscurely bilabiate, with short conical-saccate 

 spur : akene-like fruit of the shape of buckwheat, glabrous or a little pubescent, in Chilian 

 plants hardly, in ours rather over, a line long. — Betckea samolifblia, DC. 1. c. 642. B. major, 

 Fisch. & Meyer, 1. c. (5) 30. Plectritis samoJifolia & P. major, Hoick in Eugler, Jahrb. iii. 37. 

 — Low grounds on the Columbia River, Washington Terr., Oregon [Suksdorf), and coast of 

 California, coll. by the Russian botanists. (Chili, smaller form.) 



Order LXXII. DIPSACACE^. 



Herbs (all of the Old World) ; with opposite or verticillate leaves, no stipules, 

 capitate and iiivolucrate inflorescence ; the flowers subtended by bracts, and each 

 with a more or less obvious involucel, hermaphrodite ; calyx-tube adnate to the 

 one-celled simple ovary ; corolla epigynous ; stamens inserted on its tube alter- 

 nate with its lobes, of ecpial number or fewer, wholly unconnected; style fili- 

 form and stigma simple ; ovule solitary and suspended, anatropous ; seed with 

 a straight embryo in fleshy albumen. Corolla irregular or nearly regular ; the 

 lobes imbricated in the bud. Fruit an akene, more or less adnate to the involucel 

 which embraces it. 



ScABiosA atropurpiJrea, L., Sweet Scabious of the gardens, is familiar; and one 



or two of the following genus have become spontaneous. 



1. DIPSACUS, Tourn. Teasel, (Greek and Latin name of Teasel, said 

 to come from Sti//as, thirsty.) — Flowers in a terminal head or short spike, in which, 



