54 COMPOSITE. 



this surrounded at base b}' a series of minute short bristles or squamellaa ; these sometimes 

 inconspicuous or obsolete. (One or two species of Eri<jeron with ochroleucous and even 

 yellow rays may be sought here.) 



##**;;(= Pappus multipaleolate or aristate rather than capillary-setose : involucre sub- 

 globose or hemispherical, of very broad l)racts, all or inner ones scarious-margiued ; re- 

 ceptacle alveolate-fimbrillate ; the fimbrilhi) little shorter than the akenes. 

 23. ACAMPTOPAPPUS. Heads 12-36-flowered, discoid or radiate : flowers all fertile. 

 Bracts of tlio involucre chartaceo-coriaceous, round-oval or broadly oblong and concave, 

 bordered by an erose-fimbriate thin-scarious margin, closely iml)ricated in about 3 series. 

 Disk-corollas funnelform. Style-branches tipped witli a thickish subulate appendage. 

 Akenes giobnlar-turbinate, veiy densely long-villons and at length tomentose, 5-uerved 

 under the wool. Pappus hardly longer than the akenc, equalling the corolla, of 1.5 to 18 

 flattened and rigid paleaceous awns, the tips of which are mostly a little dilated, and of as 

 many shorter uiiefpial setiform awns or bristles, persistent. 



29. XANTHISMA. Heads many-flowered, radiate ; the flowers all fertile. Bracts of the 

 involucre closely imbricated and appressed, mainly ovate or obovate, with short coriaceous 

 base and herbaceous upper portion, more or less scarious-margined ; some smaller inner 

 ones. Disk-corollas narrowly funnelform. Style-branches tipped with a filiform-subulate 

 appendage. Akenes turbinate, 4-5-costate-angled, and with intermediate less conspicuous 

 ribs, sericeous-pubescent. Pappus paleaceous-aristatc, persistent, composed of 10 or 12 rigid 

 bristles which are minutely scabrous above, graduall}" paleaceous-dilated towards the base, 

 and longer than the disk-corolla, as many more one-half shorter, and usually 5 still smaller 

 and shorter external ones. 



****** Pappus capillary-multisetose and mostly alike in all the flowers, simple, 

 consisting of numeroiis capillary scabrous liristles in one or more series : receptacle more 

 or less alveolate and the alveoli often dentate. 



H— Disk-corollas 5-toothed or 5-lobed, the lobes from ovate to oblong or narrower : flowers 

 yellow, witli rare exceptions : style-appendages from ovate-lanceolate to filiform. 



27. CHRYSOPSIS. Species with outer pappus obscure or wanting would be sought here. 



30. APLOPAPPUS. Heads usually many-flowered, radiate, rarely discoid, or with infer- 

 tile rays. Disk-corollas narrow, ."i-toothed. Involucre usually (but not always) broad; the 

 bracts with or without herbaceous tips. Akenes from turbinate to linear. 



31. BIGELOVIA. Heads 3-30-flowered, destitute of rays, small. Involucre narrow; the 

 bracts chartaceous or coriaceous, mostly destitute of foliaceous or herbaceous tips. Akenes 

 narrow, terete or angled, hardly compressed, mostly at least 5-nerved. Pappus of somewhat 

 etjual bristles. Inflorescence not racemiform. 



32. SOL ID AGO. Heads few- or several-, rarely manv-flowered, mostly radiate, small, com- 

 monly in racemiform or spiciform clusters, sometimes fastigiate-cymose or in a thyr.sus. 

 Involucre narrow; its bracts mostly not herbaceous-tipped. Akenes terete or angulate, 5-12- 

 nerved or costate. Pappus of equal elongated bristles. Leaves not cordate. 



33. BRACHYCH^TA. Heads (very small) and flowers of SoUdago. Pappus of mere 

 rudimentary bristles, shorter than the akene. Lower and radical leaves cordate. 



•i— -i— Disk-corollas with limb 5-parted into long and narrow lobes, in the same genus either 

 yellow, wliite, or violet-purple : no true rays : style-tips comose-bearded. 



34. LESSINGIA. Heads homogamous, 5-25-flowered : flowers all perfect. Corollas with 

 slender tube divided into long and narrow lobes ; the marginal ones sometimes larger and with 

 a deeper cleft on the inner side, somewhat imitating a palmate ligule. Involucre campanulate 

 or turbinate : its bracts well imbricated and appressed, mostly with herbaceous tips. Eecep- 

 tacle flat, alveolate. Anthers included, tipped with a .slender-subulate appendage. Style- 

 branches tipped with a very short and obtuse or truncate densely hispid appendage, M'hich 

 usually bears either a setiform cusp among the tufted bristles, or a more conspicuous subu- 

 late prolongation. Akenes turbinate or cuneiform, silky-villoixs, 2-5-nerved. Pappus of 

 numerous or fewer unequal rigid and scabrous and sometimes awn-like bristles. 



Subtribe II. Heterochrome.*;. Disk of hermaphrodite and mostly fertile flowers ; 

 their corolla yellow, or rarely cream-color, sometimes changing to purple ; the ray not 



