COMPOSITE. 67 



ceous or foliaceous. Receptacle flat; its chaffy bracts scarious-membranaceous, conduplicate 

 arouud the akeues aud tardily deciduous with them. Proper tube of the corolla fully half 

 the length of the obloug-cainpauulate throat. Ai)peiidages of the style-branclies from ob- 

 long to dilated-spatuhite, obtuse. Akenes compressed, narrowly obloug-cuneate, callous- 

 margined, very villous, bearing a nearly persistent pappus of a subulate somewhat chaffy 

 awn from each angle of the truncate summit, aud commonly some intermediate smaller 

 ones or scjuamella;. 



b. Herbaceous, or sometimes shrubby : leaves never decurrent on the stem : rays neutral, 

 rarely wanting : mature akenes all wingless or nearly so, emarginate or truncate at sum- 

 mit, the margins either villous-ciliate or naked. 



1 06. ENCELIA. Pappus none, or au awn or its rudiment answering to each margin of the 

 wingless akcne : no intermediate squamelLii. 



107. HELIANTHELLA. Pappus of delicate squamella; between the two chaffy teeth or 

 awns wliicli surmount the two acute margins of tlie akene (and sometimes the lateral 

 angles when there are any), or these obsolete in age, but not caducous. Ovary often wing- 

 margined, but mature akene not so. 



c. Plerbaceous, or rarely suffruticose : rays fertile or sometimes neutral iu Verheslna, or 

 occasionally wanting : akeues or some of them develo])ing winged margins, or sometimes 

 all wingless, none villous-ciliate : style-appendages acute. 



108. ZEXMENIA. Involucre campaUulate or hemispherical, imbricated ; the bracts com- 

 monly broad, erect, aud dry*, or the outermost sometimes loose and foliaceous or with 

 spreading lierbaceous tips. Rays fertile. Receptacle flat or convex. Akeues of the ray or 

 outermost of the disk tricjuetrous ; of tlie dislv more or less compressed, sometimes flat, 

 truncate at summit, variably and narrowly winged'or acutely margined, awned from one or 

 more of the margins or angles, the awns either connected by dilated bases or Avitli inter- 

 mediate and separate or confluent persistent scpiamellsB. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate. 



109. VERBESINA. Involucre campanulate or hemispherical and more or less imbricated, 

 rarely more spreading, from somewhat herbaceous to foliaceous. Rays fertile, or styliferous 

 but infertile, or sometimes neutral, sometimes none. Receptacle from convex to conical : 

 disk from convex to ovoid, not squarrose in fruit. Akenes usually winged and flat or much 

 compressed, 2-awned, or iu tlie ray tricpietrous and 1-3-awned, with no intermediate squa- 

 mellte, and even the awns sometimes obsolete or wanting. Leaves opposite or alternate, apt 

 to be decurrent as wings on the stem. 



110. ACTINOMERIS. Involucre simple, of few and small herbaceous and loose bracts, 

 deflexed under tlic globular fruiting disk, which is globose even in anthesis, and echinate- 

 squarrose in fruit by the sjjreading of the akenes iu all directions on the small and soon 

 globular receptacle. Rajs neutral, few and irregular or none. Akenes flat, obovate, 

 winged or wingless in the same head. Pappus of 2 slender-subulate naked awus, at length 

 divergent, sometimes with 2 or 3 intermediate awns or awn-like squamellaj. 



Siibtribe VI. Coreopside.e. Akenes obcompressetl or sometimes terete, and the sub- 

 tending chafly bracts flat or hardly concave : otherwise as in Verbesinece. Heads 

 many-flowere<l. Leaves mostly opposite. Style-tips of the disk-flowers j^ioduced into 

 a cusp or coue, or sometimes capitellate-trancate. 



* Involucre single : habit of the preceding group. 



111. SYNEDRELLA. Heads with few or several fertile ray-flowers and more numerous 

 disk-flowers ; the latter with slender tube to the corolla. Involucre ovoid or oblong, of rather 

 few bracts ; tiie outer larger than the inner, erect, mostly foliaceous. Bracts of the recep- 

 tacle scarious-membranaceous. Style-appejidages of the disk-flowers slender. Akeues or 

 some of them wing-margined, and the wings commonly lacerate or undulate, in the ray 

 often triquetrous, the angles or wiugs surmounted each by a rigid naked awn. Annuals. 



* * Involucre double, rarely indistinctly so: receptacle flat or merely convex; the thin 

 chaffy l)racts of the receptacle mostly deciduous with the akenes. Base of style not 

 rarely bulbous-dilated. 



•h- Rays always neutral (rarely wanthig) : akenes never rostrate-attenuate nor with re- 

 trorsely barbed awns : no ring at the junction of tube and throat of disk-corolla. 



