COMPOSITE. 69 



* * * Bracts of the receptacle distinct, eliaffy-memhranaceous or scarious, mostly decidu- 

 ous with tlie fruit : rays fertile, 2-.j-lobed : paleaj of the pappus firmer, with a thickish 

 axis aud fimbriate or barbellate margins, or sometimes wanting. 



120. GALINSOGA. Heads small, wilii 4 or 5 short rays and rather numerous disk- 

 flowers. Involucre broadly campanulatc ov liemispherical, of ovate and tliin nearly e(iual 

 bracts in two series. Keceptacle conical. ])isk-corollas short, S-toothed : style-ti])s acute. 

 Akenes turbinate, 4-5-augled. Pappus of several tliickisli oblong or obovate paleai, with 

 fimbriate-barhellate or almost plumose margins or summit, or wanting. Leaves opposite, 

 serrate. 



121. BLEPHARIPAPPUS. Heads with .3 to G exserted fertile rays, and 7 to 12 disk- 

 flowers ; the central of these commonly infertile. Bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate, 

 erect, nearly ecjual, in one or two Beries. lleceptacle couvex; the chaff thin or scarious and 

 uarrow. Rays 3-cleft : disk-corollas 5-cleft. Style of fertile disk-flowers filiform, 2-cleft at 

 apex only, aud the short branches merely truncate ; of the central and infertile ones entire. 

 Akenes turbinate, silky-villous. Pappus of rather numerous narrow linear or aristiform 

 paleiB, with thickish axis, and liyaline margins which are mostly laccrate-fimbriate so as to 

 appear pectinate-plumose, sometimes abortive or wanting. 



Subtribe VIII. Madie^e. Pi,ay-flowers ligulate and fertile (rarely wanting), each sub- 

 tended by a bract of the mostly uniserial involucre whicli partly or completely 

 encloses its akene : disk-tlowers hermaphrodite, but some or all of them sterile (some- 

 times all fertile) ; their style-branches subulate and hispid. Bracts of the receptacle 

 always present between ray- and disk-llowers, generally none to the central ones. 

 Pappus none (or a mere rudiment or crown) to the ray-akenes, paleaceous or aristi- 

 form or else none to the disk-flowers. Pacific-American herbs, commonly glandular- 

 viscid and heavy-scented : such in California called Tanveeds. 



* Akenes laterally compressed, those of the ray particularly so, and enclosed in condupli- 

 cate-iufolded laterally-compressed iuvolucral bracts. 



122. MADIA. Heads many-.several-flowered. Involucre ovoid or oblong, few-many-augled 

 by the salient narrow or carinate backs of the iuvolucral bracts, lleceptacle flat or convex, 

 bearing a single series of bracts enclosing the disk-flowers as a kind of inner involucre, 

 either separate or connate into a cup. Kay-flowers 1 to 20, with cuueate or oblong 3-lobed 

 ligules ; tlieir akenes more or less oblique aud with flat sides : disk-flowers with or without a 

 pappus, either sterile or fertile. 



* * Akeues of the ray from obovate or triangular with broad rounded back to clavate- 

 oblong, more commonly obcompressed, never laterally compressed with narrow back, 



-I— Arcuate-incurved and obcompressed, completely invested by the whole of the conformed 

 at length coriaceous iuvolucral bracts. 



123. HEMIZONELLA. Heads few-flowered; the raj^-flowers only 4 or 5; disk-flowers 

 solitary or rarely 2 to 4 ; both fertile and destitute of pajjpus. Involucre as in Madia § IJar- 

 pcEcarpus, but the 4 or 5 arcuate infolded bracts broad on the back aud rather obcom- 

 pressed; those of the receptacle 3 to 5 aud connate into a cup. Ligules minute. Akenes 

 glabrous or sparsely pilose, obovate or somewhat fusiform ; of the disk straight but oblicpie. 

 Leaves mostly opposite. 



-f- -1— Bay akenes thick and short, turgid, partly enclosed by tlie lower part of the iuvolu- 

 cral bract. 



1 24. HEMIZONIA. Heads many- or sometimes few-flowered : bracts of the involucre 

 rounded on the W.xAi. Ilay-akenes more or less obli(|ue ; those of the disk abortive or in- 

 fertile, or in tlie later sections some or eveu most of them fertile, with or without pap])us. 

 Leaves mainly alternate. 



•1— -K- H— Ray akenes mostly obcompressed, never laterally compressed, wliolly enclosed iu 

 an obcompressed basal portion of the subtending iuvolucral bracts, the dilated margins of 

 wiiich are abruptly infolded. 



125. ACHYRACH^NA. Heads many-flowered : ray-flowers G to 10, witli 3-cleft ligule 

 much shorter tliau its filiform tube, little surpassing the disk: disk-corollas slender, 5- 



