COMPOSITiE. 75 



Receptacle flat, naked, in one species bearing a few setiform bracts or fimbrilla; among the 

 flowers. Corollas with short tube, long and narrow throat, and siiort teeth, or in the mar- 

 ginal flowers of some species with larger lobes or even imperfect palmate ligules, forming a 

 kind of ray. Anthers usually partly exserted. Style-branches pubescent nearly throughout, 

 sieuder, filiform or with attenuate-subulate tips. Pappus of hyaline nerveless paleaj (or 

 rarely with the vestige of a costa), iu one species wanting. 



-)— -1— -1— H— H— H— Involucre many-flowered, hemispherical ; its bracts in 2 or 3 series, 

 thin-herbaceous, rather loose, sometimes unequal, from linear to oblong, plane : receptacle 

 flat, corneous-scrobiculate : disk-corollas with long and narrow throat and 5 short lobes 

 or teeth : style-bi'anches with short and tliickened obtuse tips : akenes linear-clavate or 

 cuneate-oblong, villous : pappus of 4 or 5 wholly hyaline palete ; these erose or lacerate at 

 summit, or dissected into capillary bristles : leaves mostly alternate, woolly or glabrate. 



154. HULSEA. Bracts of the involucre linear or lanceolate. Eay-flowers numerous (10 

 to 60) and ligulate, but sometimes short and inconspicuoiTS. Disk-corollas with proper tube 

 slender or nai-row, but shorter than the cylindraceous throat. Akenes linear-cuneate, com- 

 pressed or somewhat tetragonal, soft-villous, especially the margins. Pappus of mostly 4 

 truncate paleff, from erose or lacerate at summit to uearly entire. 



155. TRICHOPTILIUM. Bracts of the involucre about 20, equal; those of the outer 

 series ovate-lanceolate ; those of the inner narrowly spatulate or lanceolate and memlirana- 

 ceous. Ray-flowers none. Disk-flowers 30 to 40 ; the corollas with very short tube, cylin- 

 draceous-funnelform throat, and 5 short ovate lobes, those of the marginal flowers slightly 

 enlarged after the manner of Clucnactis, but regular, the nerves deeply intramarginal. 

 Anther-tips oblong-lanceolate. Style-branches linear, glabrous and with stlgmatic lines 

 continued up to the obtu.se tip. Akenes oblong-turbinate, 5-nerved or angled, hirsute-vil- 

 lous. Pappus of 5 ovate or oblong hyaline nerveless paleo", which are resolved above into 

 numerous slender bristles, the middle ones rather shorter than the corolla. 



* * * * Receptacle flattish or convex, many-flowered: ray-flowers female and fertile; 

 those of the disk sterile : involucral bracts few in a single series, bi'oad and plane, mem- 

 branaceous : akenes pyriform. 



156. BLENNOSPERMA. Involucre hemispherical or depressed ; its bracts 5 to 12, equal, 

 oblong, plane, lierbaceous or partly membranaceous, the tips sometimes colored, the l)ascs 

 somewhat united. Ray-flowers 5 to 12: some of them in our species not rarely apetalous, 

 the others with ligule oblong or elliptical, entire, sessile on the ovary, being destitute of tube : 

 style-branches flat, linear or oblong. Disk-flowers numerous (20 or more) : corollas with 

 narrow tube, abruptly expanded into a broadly campanulate 4-5 lobed limb : anthers oval : 

 style undivided, with capitate or disk-shaped apex : ovary abortive, a mere rudiment. 

 Akenes (of the ray) obscurely 8-10-ribbed, with small areola, wholly destitute of pappus; 

 the surface powdered with papillce which develop mucilage when wet. 



***** Receptacle from convex to oblong : involucre many-flowered, various, of more 

 than one series of bracts, or irregular: akenes short, ol)pyramidal or turbinate, sometimes 

 more oblong, 5-10-costate or angled, mostly silky-villous or hirsute: disk-flowers all fer- 

 tile ; tiie corolla 4-5-toothed : leaves alternate, iu many minutely impressed-punctate or 

 resinous-atomiferous. 



H— Receptacle naked, i. e. destitute of awn-like fimlirilhe among the flowers: style-branches 

 of the disk-flowers dilated-truncatc and somewhat ])euicillate at tip. 



-i-+ Involucre erect, at least not spreading or reflexed. 



148. HYMENOPAPPUS, with turbinate or obpyramidal costatc akenes, might be sought 

 here. 

 64. PLUMMERA is like ActineJla § Tli/menori/s, without pappus, and disk-flowers sterile. 



157. ACTINELLA. Heads radiate (except in S. American species). Involucre campan- 

 ulate or hemisj)lierical, or sometimes broader; its bracts in two or more sei'ies, somewhat 

 herbaceous or coriaceous, often rigid ; outer sometimes united. Receptacle from conical to 

 convex. Rays fertile. Pappus of 5 to 12 thin and mostly hyaline palea?, ■with more or less 

 manifest costa or none ; these sometimes truncate, more coramouly acuminate or aristate at 

 tip. Mostly low herbs, and bitter-aromatic. 



