76 COMPOSITE. 



++ ++ Involucre spreading or soon reflexed, herbaceous, usually with some inconspicuous 

 short scarious interior bracts : akenes turbinate, 8-10-costate : heads mostly radiate : re- 

 ceptacle more or less elevated. 



158. HELENIUM. Bracts of the involucre subulate or linear. Bays fertile or sterile, 

 rarely none. Disk-corollas commonly with short or almost obsolete projier tube (the stamens 

 inserted close to the base), and 4-.5-tootlied limb; the teeth obtuse, glandular-pubescent. 

 Pappus of usually 5 or G thin scarious pale«. Leaves commonly impressed-punctate, mostly 

 decurrent. 



159. AMBLYOLEPIS. Principal bracts of the involucre foliaceous, lanceolate; an 

 inner hyaline scarious series resembling tlie conspicuous blunt nerveless palea; of the pap- 

 pus. Kays fertile, ample. Disk-corollas glabrous throughout, and with a distinct tube as 

 long as the ampliate tliroat, 5-cleft ; the lol)es lanceolate, attenuate-acute. Akenes broadly 

 turbinate and with 10 thick ribs. Leaves neither jjunctate nor decurrent. 



■i— -i— Receptacle (from convex to globular) beset with setiform or subulate or rarely small 

 dentiform fimbrilhi^ among the flowers. 



160. GAILLARDIA. Involucre broad; the bracts in 2 or 3 series, all but the short inner 

 series largely foliaceous or herbaceous and lax. Ray-flowers neutral, rarely styliferous and 

 fertile, sometimes none : ligules 3-toothed or 3-cleft. Disk-corollas with short narrow tube, 

 enlarged cylindraceous throat, and 5 ovate-triangular to subulate teeth or short lobes, whicli 

 are beset with jointed hairs. Style-branches with peuicillate tuft at summit of the stig- 

 matic portion, thence produced into a filiform or shorter appendage. Akenes turbinate, 

 5-costate, covered with long villous hairs which sometimes ri.se only from the base of the 

 akene. Pappus conspicuous, longer than the akene, of 5 to 10 hyaline-scarious palece, with 

 a costa mostly e.xcurrent into an awn, which about equals disk-corollas. 



Subtribe V. Flaverie^. Involucre of the small heads composed of a few equal con- 

 niveiit bracts in a single series, sometimes one or two small additional ones at base. 

 Ligules small (little or not at all surpassing disk-flowers), not persistent. Akenes 

 terete, oblong or linear, 8-10-striate-costate. Style-branehes truncate. Leaves oppo- 

 site. No oil-glands, nor resinous atoms. 



161. SARTWELLIA. Heads with about 5 ligulate female and rather numerous her- 

 maphrodite tubular flowers. Bracts of the involucre 5, oval or oblong, somewhat fleshy, in 

 fruit somewhat carinate-concave and suljtending ray-akenes. Receptacle convex. Ligules 

 mostly entire, obovate or roundish. Disk-corollas narrow, 4-5-toothed. Pappus a deep 

 paleaceous cupule with minutely fimbriolate edge (doubtless composed of 4 or 5 truncate 

 paleaa which are completely connate), or of 4 or 5 narrowly oblong fimbriolate-truncate 

 nerveless palea? alternating with as many setiform awns, all united only at the base. 



162. FLAVERIA. Heads one-several-flowered; the flowers all fertile, homogamous and 

 tubular, or one female and short-ligulate. Disk-corollas 5-toothed. Involucre of 2 to 5 

 mostly carinate-concave bracts. Pappus none. 



Subtribe VI. Tagetine^. Involucre a series of equal bracts, either distinct or united 

 into a cup or tube, dotted or striped with, oil-glands, not rarely subtended or'calycu- 

 late by some loose accessory bracts, several-many-flowered. Rays when present 

 fertile ; ligules not persistent. Akenes mostly narrow and striate. Pappus various. 

 — Mostly glabrous and smooth herbs or undershrubs, strong-scented, the herbage like 

 the involucre commonly dotted with some oil-glands. 



* True Tagetine.^. Style-branches of hermaphrodite flowers more or less elongated, 

 appendiculate or truncate. 



-1— Pappus simple, of copious capillary scabrous bristles : akenes linear : receptacle small, 

 naked and smooth : bracts of the involucre distinct. 



163. POROPHYLLUM. Raj^-flowers none. Disk-flowers numerous or several. Involucre 

 of 5 to 10 bracts. Style-branches tipped with long filiform-subulate hispid appendages. 

 Akenes slender. 



