COMPOSITE. 85 



215. RAFINESQUIA. Involuoro conical or cyliiidraceous, of 7 to 15 linear acuminate 

 equal bracts, soinowhat floshy-tliickened at base, and some loose calyculate ones. Akenes 

 terete, somewhat fusiform, obscurely few-ribbed, attenuate into a slender beak, not callous- 

 thickened at the insertion. Papjjus (white) of 10 to 15 slender bristles, softly long-plumose 

 from base to near the tip. Leafy-stemmed and branching annuals : flowers white or tinged 

 witli rose-color. 



216. TRAGOPOGON. Involucre campanulato or oblong, of several lanceolate and up- 

 wardly attenuate equal herbaceous bracts ; no calyculate ones. Akenes somewhat fusiform, 

 5-10-costate, more or less excavated at insertion, tapering into a long beak, except perhaps 

 the outermost. Pappus a series of numerous stout bristles, somewhat connate at base into 

 a ring, long-plumose to near the apex, tlie plumes arachnoid and more or less interlacing. 

 Simple-stemmed or branching biennials or perennials, with gramineous leaves, and large 

 solitary heads of yellow or purple flowers. 



+ — K- -}— Akenes either truncate or inner ones rostrate : receptacle paleaceous : soft slender 

 chaff among the flowers : head rather many-flowered : involucre sparingly imbricated : 

 flowers yellow. 



217. ANISOCOMA. Involucre cylindraceous, of thin and very obtuse appressed bracts, 

 somewhat herbaceous in centre and witli broad white-scarions margins ; innermost linear- 

 oblong, 2 or 3 intermediate ones oblong ; outer ones short-oval and orbicular. Chaffy bracts 

 of receptacle long, linear-filiform or setiform. Akenes terete, linear-turbinate, 10-nerved, 

 pubescent, short-attenuate at base, the truncate summit crowned with a narrow entire cup- 

 like border or ring, within which is inserted the bright white pappus, of 10 or 12 rather 

 rigid long bristles, in two series ; the 5 longer ones (equalling the involucre) long-plumose 

 above the middle ; the others much shorter, less plumose, sometimes naked. Scapes mono- 

 cepluilous. 



218. HYPOCHCERIS. Involucre campanulate, of somewhat herbaceous marginless 

 bracts. Chaffy bracts of the receptacle narrow and scarious. Akenes glabrous or scabrous, 

 10-ribbed, oblong or fusiform, tapering upward, at least the inner ones, into a beak. Pappus 

 a series of fine plumose bristles, with or without some naked and shorter outer ones. Leaves 

 chiefly radical and scapes bracteolate, often branching. 



-)— -t — 1— ^— Akenes either truncate at summit or upwardly attenuate, yet with no distinct 

 or prolonged beak : receptacle not chaffy : pappus of awned or pointed scarious palete or 

 of awns or bristles with paleaceous base, or plumose : flowers yellow, open in morning 

 and dull weather. 



219. MICROSERIS. Heads several-many-flowered, on naked .simple scapes or peduncles. 

 Corollas mostly with a hairy tube. Akenes 8-10-costate, with a basal callosity which is 

 hollowed at the insertion. Pappus simple ; its bristles or awns naked, in one or two species 

 plumose (and tlien white) or barbellate. 



220. LEONTODON. Heads many-flowered, on simple or branching scaly-liractcolate 

 scapes. Involucral bracts narrow. Akenes minutely striate or rugulose, fusiform and 

 tapering to tlie narrow summit, sometimes by more or less of a beak. Pa])pus one or 

 two series of plumose (sordid) bristles, which are more or less lanceolate-widened at base, 

 persistent. 



220*. PICRIS. Heads many-flowered, terminating leafy .stems. Outer bracts of involucre 

 loose or spreading. Akenes terete, 5-10-costate ; the ribs rugose. Pappus one or two series 

 of slender plumose bristles, not paleaceous at base. 



Series IIL Pappus of capillary bristles, scabrous, rarely barbcllulate, never plumose nor 

 paleaceous-dilated. 



* Receptacle paleaceous, i.e. bearing narrow chaffy bracts among the flowers: corollas 

 rose-color or rose-tinged. 



22 1 . PINAROPAPPUS. Involucre many-flowered, campanulate ; its bracts imbricated and 

 outer successively sliorter, tliinnish, tlie tips sphacelate. Cliaff of the recejjtacle attenuate- 

 linear, deciduous with the akenes. Akenes glabrous, .slender, terete, 10-15-costate, ta])ering 

 from the callous base into a short slender l)eak. Pap])us sordid, of copious soft-capillary 

 bristles, one or two outer series shorter, rather persistent. 



