86 COMPOSIT.E. 



* * Receptacle bearing some capillary bristles among tbe flowers : pappus all or the 

 greater part deciduous in connection : akeues not flattened. 



222. CALYCOSERIS. Involucre many-flowered, oblong-campanulate, of numerous erect 

 linear-lanceolate scarious-margined bracts in a single series, and of a short and loose calycu- 

 late outer series. Delicate cajnllary bristles of the receptacle, one to each flower, as long as 

 the akenes and deciduous with them. Akenes fusiform or oblong, 5-costate, attenuate into 

 a short beak, which terminates in a shallow and denticulate scarious pappus-like crown, sur- 

 rounding the base of a copious and white soft-capillary pappus ; its bristles equal, deciduous 

 all together. 



223. MALACOTHRIX. The species with bristle-bearing receptacle belong here. Akenes 

 short-columnar, truncate at both ends. 



230. TROXIMON. One species sometimes bears chaffy bracts among the flowers : akeues 

 short-rostrate. 



* * * Eeceptacle naked. 



-I— Akenes not flattened : pappus promptly deciduous, mainly altogether, soft and white. 



223. MALACOTHRIX. Involucre many -flowered, either imbricated or only calyculate. 

 Receptacle sometimes with or sometimes without delicate capillary bristles interposed among 

 the flowers. Akenes short, oblong or columnar, glabrous, terete and striately 5-1 5-costate, 

 or 4-5-angled by the prominence of stronger ribs, slightly or not at all narrowed either way, 

 with broad truncate apex having an entire or denticulate border or sharp edge. Pappus a 

 series of soft and scabrous or near the base barbellulate bristles, which are deciduous more 

 or less in connection, and commonly 1 to 8 outer and stronger ones which are more j^ersist- 

 ent and smoother. 



228. CREPIS. One or two species incline to have most of the pappus-bristles fall in 

 connection, also a few less deciduous. 



224. GLYPTOPLEURA. Involucre 8-18-flowered, cylindraceous, of 7 to 12 nearly 

 membranaceous linear-lanceolate equal hardly scarious-margined bracts, which are partly 

 connate below, and some loose foliaceous ones or subtending leaves at base. Akenes nar- 

 rowly oblong, often somewhat incurved, slightly tapering downward, with 5 thick obtuse 

 ribs or angles, and the intervals conspicuously cancellate-sculptured, so as to form single 

 rows of pits, at summit a short thick and 5-ribbed hollow beak exserted from a cupulate 

 shoulder, and slightly dilated to bear the pappus : this bright white, of very numerous and 

 fine hardly scabrous capillary bristles, in more than one series, caducous, outermost falling 

 separately, inner mostly in connection at base. 



H— H— Akenes not flattened : pappus persistent, or bristles tardily falling quite separately, 

 never in connection (except, perhaps, by the breaking of the summit of an attenuate 

 beak). 



++ Beak to the akenes none or a mere attenuation. 



= Heads solitary, terminating simple bractless scapes : flowers yellow. 



225. APARGIDIUM. Involucre rather many-flowered, cylindraceous-campanulate ; bracts 

 somewhat herbaceous, lanceolate, acuminate, one-nerved, rather few in 2 or 3 series, or outer 

 and broader ones more calyculate. Akenes linear-oblong, columnar, glabrous and smooth, 

 truncate, not tapering at either end. Pappus sordid or brownish, of rather copious minutely 

 barbellulate and rather fragile capillary bristles, with some outer and smaller ones merely 

 scabrous. Perennial. 



230. TROXIMON. Involucre many-flowered. Akenes tapering, 10-costate, beakless in 

 original species. 



= = Heads seldom solitary, l)orne by leafy stems or more or less bracteate .scapes. 

 a. Flowers yellow (in an adventive species red-orange), or in one species white. 



226. HIERACIUM. Involucre several-many-flowered, of narrow equal bracts and some 

 short calyculate ones, or sometimes imbricate, having those of intermediate length, not thick- 

 ened at base nor with thickened midribs. Akenes oblong or columnar, smooth and glabrous, 

 mostly 10-ribbed or striate, either. terete or 4-5-augular, slightly contracted at very base, 

 commonly of same thickness to the truncate top, but in several species tapering to a nar- 

 rower summit. Pappus of rather rigid scabrous fragile bristles, sordescent or fuscous, rarely 



