Liatns. COMPOSITE. 109 



14. CARPHOCH^TE, Gray. (Kap<^os, scale or chaff, and xatxT?, bristle, 

 from the jiappus.) — Perennial herbs or suft'rutescent plants (of New and North- 

 ern Mexico), glabrous or nearly so ; wilh opposite and entire sessile thickish 1-8- 

 nerved but nearly veinless leaves, and solitary or somewhat clustered heads, 

 terminating leafy or pedunculiform branches : the flowers (about an inch long) 

 much exceeding the involucre : this and the corolla rose-colored : nearly of 

 Liatris habit, and pappus somewhat of Stevia. — PI. Fendl. Go ; PI. Wright, i. 89, 

 ii. 71. 



C. Bigelovii, Gray, 1. c. A span to a foot high, woody at base, fasciculately branched : 

 lower leaves spatulate-oblong, inch long, and fascicles of smaller ones in the axils, upper 

 oblong or linear: heads sessile or very short-peduncled, mostly terminating very leafy some- 

 what paniculate short branchlets : aristiform palete of the pappus 11 to 14, and a few very 

 small exterior squaniellis. — N. New Mexico, Bigdow, Wrujlit, Greene. Arizona, Priiif/le. 

 S. W. Texas, Girurd. The one or two other species are more herbaceous, slender, and with 

 loose pedunculate heads. 



15. LIATRIS, Schreb. Blazing Star, Button Snakeroot. (Name 

 of unknown tlerivation.) — Perennial Atlantic N. American herbs ; with simple 

 vira^ate very leafy stems from a tuberous or mostly globose and corm-like stock, 

 bearing reversely racemose or spicate heads of handsome rose-purple flowers 

 (rarely also white), in late summer and autumn ; the leaves all alternate, narrow, 

 entire, rigid or with cartilaginous margins, mostly glabrous or glabrate. — Gen. 

 542 (where Gjertner's name is mentioned ; but Gasrtner takes up the genus, like- 

 Schreber, from the Anonymos, Walt., under the name Suprago, confusing it with 



Vernonia, and in a volume two years later than Schreber's) ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 

 ii. G7 (excl. § 2 & 3) ; Bcnth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 248. 



* Pappus very plumose: heads 4-5-flowered: inner involucral bracts with prolonged petaloid tips. 

 — Calusfelma, Don. 



L. elegans, Willd. Partly pubescent, 2 to 3 feet high : linear upper loaves commonly 

 soon reflexed : spike or raceme virgate, dense, 3 to 20 inches long : heads either sessile or on 

 bracteolate pedicels, about half-inch long: bracts of the involucre few-ranked, the inner 

 dilated at tip into an oblong or lanceolate mucronate-acuminate rose-red spreading append- 

 age, which surpasses the flowers and pappus. —Spec. iii. 1065; Michx. Fl. ii. 91 ; Ker, Bot. 

 Reg. t. 2G7; DC. Prodr. v. 129; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Stvdielina dc/jmis, Walt. Car. 202. 

 SerratuJa speciosa, Ait. Kew. iii. 138. Eupaloriiim spcciosum, Vent. Cels. t. 79. Liatris 

 radians, Bertol. Misc. v. 9, t. 1. — Dry pine barrens, Virginia? to Florida and Texas. 



* * Pappus verj' plumose: heads IG-GO-flowered, cylindraceous with turbinate base : bracts of 

 involucre much imbricated, with berbaceou.s tips if any: lobes of the corolla pilose inside: 

 leaves all linear and rigid, hardly punctate; the lower elongated and graminiform. 



L. squarrosa, Willd. Pubescent or partly glabrous: stem stout, 6 to 20 inches high : 

 heads few (even solitary), or sometimes numerous in a leafy spike or raceme, rarely some- 

 what paniculate, the larger an inch or more long : bracts of the involucre all herbaceous 

 and acuminate, or with foliaceous or herbaceous (or innermost .slightly colored) lanceolate 

 rigid and somewhat pungent tips; these usually squarrose-spreading and prolonged. — 

 Torr. & Gray, 1. c., incl. vslts. ^/lorilmnda & compacta. Cirsiiim tuberosum, etc.. Dill. Elth. t. 71, 

 fig. 82. SerratuJa squarrosa, L. Spec. ii. 818. Pleronin Curoliniana, Walt. Car. 292. — Dry 

 gravelly or sandy soil, Upper Canada to Florida, Nebraska, and Texas. Passes into 



Var. intermedia, DC. Heads narrow : bracts of the involucre erect or little spread- 

 ing, less prolonged. — Prodr. v. 129 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c., with var. romjxirla. L. intermedia, 

 Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 948. — Upper Canada to Nebraska, Louisiana, and Texas. 



Li. cylindracea, Michx. Mostly glabrous, a foot high : heads few or several, 16-20- 

 flowerod, an inch or less long : bracts of the involucre all appresscd, barely herbaceous, 

 rounded and abruptly mucronatc at tip, the outermost very short. — Fl. ii. 93; Ell. Sk. 



