144 COMPOSITE. SoUdago. 



S. recurvAta, Willd., and S. LfviD.v, Willd. (Enura. 889 & 491), described from cultivated 

 plants, are referred to under S. ccesia, L., p. 145. 



S. LiTiiosPEEMiFOLiA, Willd. Enum. 891, referred to under S. sempervirens, L., was prol)- 

 ably derived from that, under cultivation becoming pubescent and duller green. But without 

 the transitions as seen in «S'. integrijolia, J3esf., this would seem improbable. 



S. CORYMBOSA, Poir. Suppl. V. 461 (not Ell.), is only the European S. Virgaurea, L. 



S. GRANDiFLdRA, Dcsf . Cat. ed. .3, 403, of uuknowu source, is evidently a tall cultivated state 

 of the Italian 5. littoralis, Savi. 



S. fuscAta, De.sf. 1. c. 402. Glabrous and very smooth (the inflorescence barely puberulent) : 

 stem 3 or 4 feet high, with numerous ascending purplish branches, very leafy : leaves oblong- 

 lanceolate, acute at both ends or acuminate, entire, or the lower (3 or 4 inches long) with a few 

 minute and obscure teeth, of somewhat firm texture, and minutely reticulated inconspicuous 

 venation, a pair or two of primary veins more evident : heads hardly 3 lines long, numerous in 

 a narrow or virgate thyr.'^us, not secund : bracts of the involucre rather broad (outer oblong) 

 and obtuse: raj-s 6 to 8, short: young akenes puberulent. — Of unknown source; cult, iu Paris 

 Garden from 1828. Plabit somewhat of iS'. puberula. 



Of species founded on iudigeuous specimens there remains wholly obscure only the fol- 

 lowing : — 



S. paucifl6ra, Ilaf. in Med. Rep. (hex. 2), v. 359. "Stem simple, smooth: leaves oblong- 

 lanceolate, acute, entire : flowers 1 to 5, terminal. — Gloucester Co., New Jersey, and Kent Co., 

 Delaware," Eajincsque. Not to be identified. 



§ 1. ViKGAUREA, DC. {Virga-aurea, Toui^n.) Receptacle of the head alveo- 

 Lite : rays commonly fewer or not more numerous than disk-flowers : herbs. 



* Involucre squarrose, the bracts having herbaceous recurving or spreading tips (yet occasionally 

 erect in all the species) : general inflorescence thyrsiform or reversed racemiform-paniculate, 

 not unilateral: leaves pinnately veined, from ovate to lanceolate; the lower ones commonly peti- 

 oled, and acutely more or less serrate; the upper often entire. ( Chrysastruin, Torr. & Gray.) — 

 Squarros^. 



-I— Rays none: ovaries Iiirsute: bristles of the pappus unequal, all with clavellate tips. 



S. discoidea, Torr. & Gray. Pubescent or hirsute, somewhat cinereous : stem branching 

 above : lower leaves ovate, coarsely serrate, on slender and margined petioles, 3 inches long : 

 upper small, often entire, oval or oblong : heads (3 or 4 lines long) rather scattered in the 

 racemiforin thyrsus, 10-20-flowered : disk-corollas deeply 5-cleft : pappus often tinged with 

 purple. — n. ii. 195. Aster? discoideus, Ell. Sk. ii. 358. — Dry soil, Georgia to Florida and 

 Louisiana ; first coll. by Elliott. 



+— H— Rays present and conspicuous, rather numerous: bii.stles of the pappus not evidently 

 clavellatc-thickened : akenes glabrous or nearly so. 



S. squarrosa, Muhl. Green, pubescent or glabrate : stem stout and simple, 2 to 5 feet 

 higli : lower leaves ovate or oblong, 6 to 10 inches long : heads (5 or 6 lines long) numerous 

 and crowded at least on the lower branches of the (foot or two long) leafy thyrsus : green 

 squarrose tips of the involucral bracts short and broad, obtuse or abruptly acute. — Cat. 79 ; 

 Nutt. Gen. ii. 161 ; Torr. & Gray, 1. c. 6\ confertlflorn, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. vii. 102; 

 Hook. Fl. ii. 4, not DC. — Rocky soil. New Brunswick and Canada to Ohio and upper part 

 of Virginia. 



S. petiolaris, Ait. Puberulent or pubescent with fine short hairs, somewhat pale or 

 cinereous : stem slender, a foot to a yard high : leaves comparatively small, elliptical-oblong 

 to broadly lanceolate, scabrous-ciliate ; the lower 2 inches or so in length, serrate with a few 

 coarse teeth toward the apex, narrowed at base, obscurely or sometimes distinctly and abruptly 

 short-petioled, mostly glabrous or glabrate above, minutely hairy at least along the veins be- 

 neath ; upper smaller, sessile, entire : heads (3 to 5 lines long) loosely or sometimes more com- 

 pactly disposed in a narrow or irregular thyrsus : involucral bracts narrow and acute ; the 

 outer green or witli green tips, and more or less ,=iquarrose ; inner ones appressed. — Ait. Kew. 

 iii. 216 ; Smith in Rees Cycl. ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 203, not Muhl., Ell., or Less. S. erecta, 

 Nutt. Gen. ii. 161. 6\ elata? Ell. Sk. ii. 389. S. squarrosa, 'Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Philad. 

 vii. 102, not Nutt. Gen., nor Muhl. S. petiolaris, var. squarrulosa, Torr. & Gray, 1. c. — Dry 



