SoUdago. • COMPOSITvE. 145 



soil, especially in pine barrens, N. Carolina to Florida, Kansas, and Texas. The specific 

 name quite inappropriate ; and tlie squarrose tips of the bracts are sometimes obsolete, thus 

 iuvalidutiug the rather marked character of this group. 



Var. angusta, Gray. Leaves greener, glabrate, narrower, nearly all entire ; the 

 lower sometimes 3 or 4 inches long and half-inch or less wide, tapering into a margined 

 petiole. — Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 189. S. angusta, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 204. — W. Louisiana, 

 Hale, and Fredericksburg, Texas, Thurher. 



* * Involucre of inappcndiculate and wholly oppressed bracts in this and all the following 

 divisions: heads small (at most 3 lines hmg), disposed more or less in axillary glomerate or 

 short-racemiform clusters along the leafy stem, or not rarely witli some or most of the clusters 

 in an almost naked thyrsus: leaves unicostatc, pinnately veiny. — GLOMEKULiFLOit/E, Torr. 

 & Gray. 



H— Akenes canescently hirsute-pubescent: leaves normally thin and membranaceous, very sharply 

 serrate, acuminate, bright green, usually surpassing the short clusters in their axils, except 

 where these become conduent into a thyrsus at the summit. 



++ Stem and branches terete, often glaucous. 



S. CEesia, L. Slender, commonly branching and glabrous or nearly so up to the peduncles, 

 smooth, a foot or two high : leaves lanceolate or the lower from ovate- to oblong-lanceolate, 

 sessile, serrate with erect or ascending teeth, the venation not prominent : heads small, few- 

 flowered : bracts of the involucre all obtuse. — Spec. ii. 879 (founded on Dill. Elth. 414, 

 t. 307, & Virga-aurea Marilandica, etc., Ray) ; Ait. Kew. iii. 217 ; Torr. & Gra}', Fl. ii. 199. 

 S. Jlexicaidis, L. 1. c, as to herb., excl. char. & syn. — Shaded banks, or in wooded grounds, 

 Canada to N. W. Arkansas, Georgia, and Texas. 



Var. axillaris, Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. 1. c. [S. axillaris, Pursh, Fl. ii. 542), is a 

 common form in shade, with elongated-lanceolate thin leaves, all much exceeding the short 

 clusters of rather few heads. — Chiefly northern, in woods. 



Var. paniculata, Grait, 1. c. Paniculately branched above, smaller-leaved, flori- 

 bund ; tlie clusters of lieads becoming racemose-paniculate toward the end of the branches : 

 stems often purple and branchlets occasionally pubescent. — S. (/racilis, Poir. Diet. viii. 476 ; 

 DC. Prodr. v. 336. S. Schradcri, DC. 1. c. 1 (abnormal form), & of the Gardens. S. anjuta, 

 Spreng. Syst., not Ait. S. argentea, Hornem. ex Spreng. — A form of drier and open 

 grounds, commoner in S. States, and of European cultivatiou, whei'e it is much altered, and 

 appears to pass into 



S. KECURVATA, Willd. Euum. 889 (not Mill. Diet.). Tall, more paniculate, and the heads 

 in racemosely crowded clusters on spreading (but hardly recurved) or ascending flowering 

 branches, few if any in the axils of cauline leaves ; usually some pubescence. — European gar- 

 dens. May be a hybrid between S. cassia and S. ulmlfolia or »S'. rugusa. 



S. LfviDA, Willd. 1. c. 49L Stouter, purple-stemmed, with thyrsiform-paniculate inflores- 

 cence of more crowded heads ; apjjarently a cultivated modification of S. ccesia, var. paniculata, 

 with a large-flowered indigenous form of wliich (from Mouticello, Geoi-gia, Porter) it is congru- 

 ous. It is S . Jiabellata , Schrader ex Spreng. (S. argula, Spreng.), and S. JlabeUiforniis, Weudl. 

 in DC. Prodr! v. 336. 



++ -H- Stem and branches angled, manifestly so in dried specimens, green, not glaucous. 



S. latifolia, L. Stem much angled, often flexuous, glabrous, 1 to 3 feet high : leaves ample 

 and normally thin, broadly ovate or the upper ovate-lanceolate, conspicuously acuminate, 

 abruptly and acuminately contracted at base into as it were a winged petiole of usually about 

 the length of the axillary clusters, mo.stly yiilose-pubescent beneath, thickly and coarsely 

 serrate with salient subulate teeth : rays 3 or 4 : disk-flowers 6 or 7 : akenes very hirsute. — 

 Spec. ii. 879 (ex herb. & habitat, cxcl. syn. Pink.) ; Torr. &. Gray, Fl. ii. 198. S. Jiexicaulis, 

 L. 1. c. ex syn. & char, (not of herb.) ; Ait. Kew. iii. 217 ; DC. Prodr. v. 335. S. Jiexicaulis, 

 var. latifolia, Willd. Spec. iii. 2064. S. macrophijUa, Bigel. Fl. Bost. cd. 2, 305, not Pursh. — 

 Moist woods and shaded batiks. Nova Scotia to Mirkuesota, south to Missouri and along the 

 mountains to Tennes.see and Georgia. In grounds exposed to the sun, the clusters of heads 

 arc often extended and spiciform, or the whole inflorescence becomes a terminal thyrsus. 



S. lancifolia, Toru. & Gray. Nearly glabrous: stem strict and stout, 3 or 4 feet high, 

 sulcate-angled : leaves elongated-lanceolate or the lower broader, sessile by a gradually nar- 

 rowed entire base, above sharply serrate with the teeth ascending, 4 to 8 inches long : heads 



10 



