Solidago. COMPOSITE. 155 



who followeil .a wrong determination. S. verrucosa, Schrad. Hort. Grett. 12, t. C ? S. Muhlen- 

 berfjii, Torr. & Gray, FI. ii. 214. — Moist woodlands, New England and Canada to Ohio, 

 through Pennsylvania to the mountains of Virginia. 



Var. Caroliniana. Leaves of firmer texture, simply serrate as in 5. Boottii, but 

 larger: lieads thicker, with 4 or 5 short rays and 10 to 14 disk-flowers; involucral bracts 

 firmer, oblong: akenes pubescent. — Mountains of N. Carolina and of adjacent S. Carolina 

 and Georgia, (x. R. Vasey, J. Donne/l Smith. Perhaps distinct both from tliis and the pre- 

 ceding .species. 

 d. Stems not strict, simple or corymbosely branched at piinniiit: inflorescence an open spreading 



panicle, usually as broad as high, composed of recurving na!:ed and minutely subulate-brac^eate 



secund-racemiform clusters of crowded small heads, the rhachis and pedicels slender: rays 



numerous and small. 

 S. juncea, Ait. Mostly smooth and nearly glabrous : stem 1 to 3 feet high, rigid, com- 

 monly simple up to the mostly crowded branches of the wide panicle : leaves of rather firm 

 texture ; radical oval to oblong-spatulate, tapering into a winged petiole, usually large and 

 sharply serrate; cauliue from narrowly oblong to lanceolate (larger 3 or 4 inches long), not 

 rarely almost entire or sparsely serrulate, the small upper not much narrowed at base : panic- 

 ulate racemes slender : heads seldom over 2 lines long : bracts of the involucre small and 

 pale: rays 7 to 12, liardly surpassing and little fewer than the disk-flowers: akenes gla- 

 brous or slightly pubescent. — Kew. iii. 213 ; Pursh, 1. c. ; Hook. Fl. ii. 3 ; Gray, Proc. 1. c. 

 S. ciliaris, Mulil. iu Willd. Spec. iii. 205G ; Darlingt. 1. c. ; DC. 1. c. 331 (excl. syn. *S'. glabra). 

 S. arijiita, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 214, not Ait., &c., as was wrongly supposed. — Common iu 

 dry or rocky ground, Hudson's Bay and Saskatchewan to Wisconsin, and through the 

 Northern States to the upper country of Carolina and Tennessee. — The original type by 

 Solander is a small form from Hudson's Bay. The specific name alludes to the inflorescence, 

 remotely resembling that of some species of Juncus. S. ciliaris is a common broad leaved 

 form, the larger leaves a little ciliate. — Var. scabrella (.?. ar aula, var. scahretla, Torr. 

 & Gray, 1. c.) is a form with rigid and roughish leaves, growing in arid soil. AVisconsiu 

 and Illinois to Kentucky ; iu wliicli district the leaves become more or less triple-ribbed 

 and rigid, and seemingly pass into .S'. Missouricnsis. 



H— -)— -i— Not maritime: leaves more or less triple-ribbed, or with a pair of lateral veins con- 

 tinued by inosculation parallel to the midrilj, yet tliese sometimes ob.scure or evanescent. — 

 T riplinerrice . 

 ++ Smooth and glabrous, at least as to the stem and bright green leaves (the latter sometimes a 

 little pilose-pubescent in S. nerotina), not cinereous or canescent: inflorescence wlien well de- 

 veloped of naked and secund commonly recurving racemiform clusters, collected in a terminal 

 compound panicle: akenes more or less pubescent. 

 = Leaves of firm texture, rather rigid, lanceolate, acute or acuminate, the slender lateral ribs not 

 rarely evanescent in the upjier leaves: bracts of the involucre rather lirm; the short outermost 

 ovate or oval and the inner oblong-linear, all obtuse. A form of the (irst si)ecies connects with 

 the last preceding. 

 o. Kays rather small: stems leafy to the summit: leaves connnonl}- with scabrous margins, the 

 larger mostly with some scattered teeth or denticulations. 

 S. Missouriensis, Nutt. Low or middle-sized, smooth : leaves tiiickish, mostly tapering 

 to both ends, and tlie serraturcs when present sharp and rigid, somewhat nervose ; lower 

 spatulate-lanceolate (larger 4 to 6 inches long) ; upper mostly linear and entire, acute ; some- 

 times all entire: racemiform clusters approximated in a short and broad panicle (like those 

 of S. juncea, but usually shorter), recurving in age: rays 6 to 13, small. — Jour. Acad. 

 Philad. vii. 32, & Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 327 (excl. hab. N. Carol.) ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. 

 ii. 322. S. serufina, Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 97, not Ait. S. fjlaberrima, Martens in Bull. 

 Acad. Brux. viii. (1841), 68. — Dry prairies, Indiana and Tennessee to Texas, and westward 

 to the Rocky Mountains; in the more eastward stations passing into or else liybridizing 

 with 6'. juncea. 



Var. moutana, Gray. Dwarf, 6 to 1.5 inches high: leaves entire or witii few small 

 serratures; cauline ol)scurely triplinervcd, an inch or two long : panicle small and compact 

 (at most 2 or 3 inches long) ; its clusters short, crowded, seldom recurved or much secund. — 

 Proc. Am. Acad. xvii. 195. S. Missouricnsis, Nutt. Jour. Acad. Philad. 1. c, as to the 

 original from "upper branches of the Missouri, Wi/elh." — Dakota to the Saskatchewan and 

 west to Idaho. 



