166 COMPOSITiE. DichcBtophora. 



ii. 209, referred (along with a species of Perityle and an Achcetogeron) to a section 

 of Boltonia. 



D. campestris, Gray. A small and Daisy-like winter annual, at first acaulescent with a 

 scapiform peduncle (I to 3 inches high), at length with leafy branches terminated by a slen- 

 der monocephalous peduncle: leaves spatulate, entire, somewliat hirsute, head 2 or 3 lines 

 high, the ovate disk soon surpassing the involucre; rays 16 to 20, apparently white or rose- 

 color. — PI. Fendl. 73, perhaps excl. syn. Bi-urlujcoma^ xanlkocomoides, Torr. & Gray, Fl. 

 ii. 190, the specimen of which is too young for determination. — Southern borders of Texas, 

 Bertandier (no. 1465, specimen too young), Z/^c/?;arc/, in fruit. (Adj. Mex., Gregg, Palmer.) 



42. BOLTONIA, L'ller. {James Bolton, an English botanical author.) 

 — Perennial and leafy-stemmed herbs (wholly of the United States), Aster-like, 

 glabrous, glaucescent, mostly tall ; with striate-angled stems, entire sessile leaves 

 commonly becoming vertical by a twist at base, rarely decurrent ; and with rather 

 showy heads ; the numerous rays white, purplish, or violet ; fl. autumn. — Sert. 

 Angl. 27 (with figures cited which were never published) ; DC. Prodr. v. 301 ; 

 Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 209, excl. § Asferomcea, Blume, which passes into Ccdi- 

 i7ieris, and also § 3, which is a mixture. Wings of the akene broadish and thin, 

 narrow and thickish, or obsolete in the same species, or even in the same head. 



* Stems (2 to 7 feet higli) paniculately much branched and slender: heads small; the disk only 

 about 2 lines high and wide. 



B. diffusa, Ki-l. Lower leaves lanceolate ; upper linear, those of the loose and almost fili- 

 f(irm flowering hranches or hranchlets becoming linear-subulate and minute: rays mostly 

 white, barely 2 lines long: involucre as in the next, but the bracts more numerous and un- 

 equal. — Sk. ii. 400 ; Hook. Comp. Bot. Mag. i. 97 ; DC. 1. c. & Torr & Gray, I c, excl. syn. 

 Bot. Mag. —Low grounds, South Carolina to Texas and along the Mississippi region north 

 to Illinois. 



* * S'ems (2 to 8 feet high) simple and more cymose-paniculate at summit: leaves broadly lan- 

 ceolate or the uppermost linear-lanceolate- heads short-peduncled, larger; the disk in fruit a 

 third to half an inch in diameter: rays 4 to 6 lines long. 



B. asteroides, L'Her. Bracts of the involucre lanceolate, acute, mostly greenish rays 

 from white to purplish or pale violet-color : setulose squamella- of the pappus mostly nu- 

 merous and conspicuous, the two awns sometimes M^auting or obsolete, more commonly 

 present and little shorter than the akene. — Matricaria asteroides, L. Mant. 116. M. glasti- 

 folta, Hill, Hort. Kew. 19, t. 3. Chr;jsanthemum CaroUnianum, Walt. Car. 204. Boltonia 

 glast'ifoUa & B. asteroides, L'Her. 1. c. ;" Michx. FL ii. 132 ; Willd. Spec. iii. 2)62 ; Sims, Bot. 

 Mag. t. 2381 & 2554 ; DC. 1. c. — Moist or wet ground along streams, Pennsylvania to Illi- 

 nois and Florida. The awnless form (B. asteroides) is not constant to tliis character, hut 

 is commonly smaller, and with fewer and smaller heads. 



Var. decurrens, Engelm. in herb. A large form fin cultivation 7 or 8 feet high), 

 with leaves alate-decurrent on the stem and even the branches ; the wings sometimes ending 

 below in a free and subulate point : pappus-awns slender. — Missouri, Eggert. 



B. iatisquama, Gr.vy. Heads rather larger and more showy rays blue-violet: bracts of 

 the involucre oblong to ovate, obtuse or mucronate-apiculate awns of the pappus uniformly 

 present and consjiicuous, the setulo.se squamellre small. — Am. Jour. Sci. ser 2, xxxiii 238. 

 — Kansas and W. Missouri, near the mouth of the Kansas Kiver, Parrg. Now not rare in 

 cultivation, the handsomest species. 



Var. OCCidentalis. Heads rather smaller; rays white. — River-bottoms of Union 

 Co., Eastern Oregon, Ctisick. 



43. TOWNSENDIA, Hook. (David Toivnsend, botanical associate of 

 Dr. Darlington of Penn.) — Depressed or low many-stemmed herbs (of the 

 Rocky Mountains) ; with from linear to spatulate entire leaves, and comparatively 

 large heads, resembling those of Aster ; the numerous rays from violet or rose- 



