Aster. COMPOSITE. 193 



high: cauhne leaves (either tliinnisli or ratlier firm) lanceolate (2 to G inches long, 3 to 8 

 lines broad in the middle), tapering to both ends, inserted by a narrow base, commonly ser- 

 rate along the middle l)y acnte and ajjpressed or erect teeth : bracts of the involucre linear 

 and acute, loosely imbricated and the small green tips commonly spreading ; outer foliaceous 

 ones few and not dilated, often wanting : ra^s 5 or 6 lines long. — DC. Prodr. v. 239 (not of 

 herb. DC), & Hook. IL ii. 11 ; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 138. A. suhspicatus, Nees, Ast. 74, 

 from Cape Mulgrave, Alaska, is doubtless a form of this or of the next, and the name might 

 apply to some specimens of either with contracted inflorescence. — Moist ground, commonly 

 in shade. Northern Erit. Columbia to Oregon and N. California. 

 A. foliaceus, Lixdl. Smooth and glabrous, or upper part of stem tomentulose or pubes- 

 cent : leaves from broadly lanceolate to oblong and the lower spatulate, entire or nearly so ; 

 upper cauliue very commonly with partly clasping and sometimes even subcordate-auriculate 

 base : heads half-inch high, when few or solitary fully as broad, when more numerous less 

 ample : involucre mostly with conspicuous loose foliaceous lanceolate or broadly linear outer 

 bracts, whicli e(jual the inner, or sometimes more imbricated and squarrose : rays violet or 

 purple, in the larger heads nearly half-inch . long. — DC. Prodr. v. 228. Here made to iu- 

 clude very various forms. The originals, from Uualaska and Sitka, are rather low, simple, or 

 simple-stemmed with short monocephalous branches, leafy about the heads : farther south it 

 becomes more branching, 2 or 3 feet high ; generally differing from the jDrecediug species 

 in the ampler and broader as well as entire leaves, disposed to be half-clasping at base, and 

 the leafy -bracted or much greener involucre. A. Doughisil, Eaton, Bot. Xing Exp. 141, & 

 Gray, Eot. Calif, i. 324, mainly. — Wet ground, Alaska, Brit. Columbia, and along the moun- 

 tains to eastern part of California and Xevada. ICastward it jjasses into 



Var. frondeus. Stem simple or with sparing erect flowering branches, sparsely 

 leaved : leaves comparatively ample, 4 or 5 inches long ; lower tapering into winged petioles, 

 uj)per often with clasping base : heads solitary or few, uaked-pedvmculate, broad : involucral 

 bracts linear-lanceolate, loose and not imbricated, all equalling the disk, occasionally the 

 outermost broader and leaf-like. — ^1. adscendens, var. Purriji, Eaton, Bot. King Exp. 139. — 

 Subalpine on the Cascade and Rocky Mountains, from the borders of Brit. Colum])ia to 

 those of Colorado and the Wahsatch in Utah. 



Var. apricus. Like a dwarf state of the preceding variety, grown in exposed places, 

 somewhat rigid, thicker-leaved : stems ascending from tufted rootstocks, a span or two high, 

 bearing solitary or 2 to 3 broad heads : involucral bracts all alike, somewhat spatulate-liuear, 

 obtuse oracutish: rays "deeji blue-violet and reddish-purple intermixed." — High mountains 

 of Colorado, at Union Pass, RothrucL-, and near Gray's Peak, at 11,000-12,000 feet, in open 

 and very dry places, Patterson. On ]\[ount Paddo, Washington Terr., SuksdurJ] Ilonell, 

 the latter in a taller form, and looking toward A. spathulatus. 



Var. Parryi. Includes some ambiguous forms, seemingly between the preceding 

 variety and A. Frcmontl, with stems a span to a foot liigh, with smooth and tliickish rather 

 large leaves, mostly naked heads ; the involucre sometimes foliaceous-bracteate in the man- 

 ner of the present species, sometimes wholly of the narrow and closer bracts of A. 

 Fremonti. With that species this has been referred to A. adscendens. — Rocky Mountains of 

 Colorado, subalpine, Purrij (417), Ilall & Harbour (253), Vaseij (251), &c., and S. Wyoming, 

 H. Jiiii/ehnani}. 



Var. Burkei. A foot or two high, rather stout, simple or branched above, leafy to 

 the top : leaves thickish, very smooth, ample ; upper cauline mostly oblong, and with 

 broadly half-clasping usually auriculate insertion : heads solitary or several, very broad : in- 

 volucre of oblong or spatulate and obtuse loosely imbricated bracts, the outer commonly 

 shorter, or outermost sometimes more foliaceous and equalling the disk. — Rocky Mountains, 

 Burke in her1). Hook. Simcoe Hills, Washington Terr., Howell. Wahsatch Mountains at 

 Alta, Utali, M E. Jones. MogoUon Mountains, New Mexico, and Arizona, flw.s6//. 



Var. Canbyi. Like the preceding form in foliage, apparently tall and stout (base of 

 stem and lower leaves wanting), leafy throughout the thyrsoid panicle of numerous sub- 

 sessile heads: these comparatively small: upper leaves (only ones seen) rather liroadly 

 oblong and with broad half-clasping base ol)scurely auriculate : bracts of the involucre im- 

 bricated, with small and erect lanceolate green tips, only in some heads a few of tlie outer- 

 most loose and foliaceous, but seldom equalling the disk. — On White River in Western 

 Colorado, Vaseij, 1868, distributed under the name of A. Canhiji, Vasey; perhaps a distinct 

 species. 



1.''. 



