236 . COMPOSITE. Gnaplialium. 



lucral bracts with brownish or somewhat -whitish tips, obtuse. — Pacif. R. Rep. iv. 110; Rothr. 

 iu Wheeler Rep. vi. 157. — Eastern Rocky Mouutaiu region, from Wyoming to New Mexico, 

 and to Mount Agassiz, Arizona ; first collected by Fremont. 



* * * Involucre of the few and naked heads nearly glabrous, brown : female flowers compara- 

 tively few, only twice or thrice tlie number of the hermaphrodite: akeues broader and flatter: 

 small and low alpine perennial. — Oinalutheca, Cass., DC. 



G. SUTjinum, Vill. Cespitose : leaves white-woolly, mainly in radical tufts, linear, less 

 tlian inch long, 2 or 4 on the (inch to span high) simple slender flowering stems, whicli bear 

 2 to 7 spicately disposed heads. — Delph. iii. 192; Engh Bot. t. 1193; Hook. El. i. 329; 

 Torr. & Gray, 1. c. G. pusiUum, Hajnke; Schkuhr, Haudb. t. 267. Omalotheca supina, J)C. 

 Prodr. vi. 245. — Alpine region of the White Mountains, N. Hampshire, and Labrador. 

 (Greenland, Eu., Asia.) 



§ 2. Gamoch.(ETA. Bristles of the pappus united in a ring at base and decid- 

 uous togetlier from the akene : heads spicately or sometimes capitately glomerate, 

 the lower glomerules leafy bracteate : involucre brownish, purplish, or sordid. — 

 Gamochata, Wedd. Chlor. And. i. 151. 



* Northern (also European) species, perennials : stems strict and .simple : akenes fusiform, hispidu- 

 lous-pubescent. 



G. Norvegicum, Gunner. A span or two high, silvery-woolly throughout : leaves spatii- 

 late-lanceolate, acute ; the radical often 6 inches long and half-inch wide ; cauline sparse : 

 heads in tlie upper axils and in an oblong spike : involucre 3 lines long, darlc brown or the 

 bracts with a lighter centre. — El. Norveg. 105 (Fl. Dan. t. 254); Syme^, Engl. Bot. t. 744. 

 G. sijlvatic.nm, Smith (not L.) ; Torr. & Gray, El. ii. 429. G. si/lvaticum, vah fuscatum, 

 Wahl. ; DC Prodr. vi. 232. G./ifscfWH, Lara. Diet., not Scop. — Labrador; Mount Albert, 

 Lower Canada, Allen. (Greenland, Eu.) 



G". sylvaticum, L. A span to a foot or more high, more leafy : leaves linear or the lowest 

 linear-oblanceolate, glabrous or glabrate above : heads numerous iu an elongated and leafy 

 virgate-si)iciform inflorescence : involucre light-colored ; the bracts usually only brownish- 

 tipped or with a brown spot below the hyaliue-scarious tip. — Spec. ii. 856 ; El. Dan. t. 1229 ; 

 Syme, 1. c, t. 743. G. rectum, Smith, Engl. Bot. — New Brunswick, roadsides aud muddy 

 shores of the Bay of Chaleurs, Fowler, Macoun. Perhaps introduced. (Eu., N. Asia.) 



* * More southern, and wholly American, annuals or biennials, chiefly of the sea-coast or near it. 

 G. purpureum, L. Canescent with a silvery dense and close coating of white wool, some- 

 times becoming flocculent, simple or branched from the base : stems erect or ascending, 6 to 

 20 inches high : leaves spatulate, obtuse, usually becoming glabrate and green above : heads 

 in a cylindraceous or oblong or in a more elongated spiciform iuflore.'jcence : involucre 

 (2 lines long) brownish, often tinged witji purple : akenes sparsely scabrous. — Spec. ii. 854 

 (pi. Gronov. & Dill. Elth.) ; Michx. El. ii. 127; Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 428; Klatt in Linn, 

 xlii. 140. G. spicalum, spathulatum, stackj/difolitnn, & fakntum (narrow-leaved form). Lam. 

 Diet. ii. 757, &c. G. Americanum (Mill. Diet.?), Willd. Spec. iii. 1887. G. Pennsijlvanicum, 

 Willd. Euura. 867. G. hyemale, Walt. Car. 203. G. Chamhsonis, DC. Prodr. vi. 233. 

 G. ustulatum, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. 1. c., ex char. And many other extra-North- 

 American synonyms: polymorphous. — Coast of Mass. to Texas, and interior of Arkansas; 

 also Washington Terr, to S. California and Arizona, iu saline soil. (Mex., S. Amer.) 



62. Inula, L. (OM Latin name of Elecampane.) — A large and varied 

 Old World genus, chiefly of perennial yellow-flowered herbs, with alternate sim- 

 ple leaves, sometimes tomentose, but not floccose-woolly. Section Corvisartia 

 (^Helenium, Adans., not L., Corvisartia, Merat & Cass.) consists mainly of 



I. Hel^nium, L. (Elecampane, i. e. Eniila campann of the herbalists.) A coarse and tall 

 herb, in tufts from large perennial (bitter-mucilaginous) roots: leaves large, especially the 

 petioled ovate radical ones, denticulate, tomentose beneath; cauline sessile, partly clasping: 

 heads very large, solitary or few terminating the stem or flowering branches : outer bracts 

 of the involucre ovate aud foliaceous ; inner smaller, obovate and spatulate, obtuse : rays very 



