238 COMPOSITE. Polymnia. 



larger 3 or 4 inches long), very sliort-petioled : involucre narrow, 5 lines long: corollas pure 

 vv^lute and anthers bright green. — PI. Wrigiit. ii. 91. — S. Arizona, Wright, Thurber, Schott, 

 Lemmon, &c. : fl. summer. 



67. POL"^MNIA, L. (Nume of the muse Polyhymnia, shortened.) — 

 Perennial herbs (Atlantic-American), or some S. American species shrubby or 

 arborescent, commonly viscid-pubesceut and heavy-scented, of coarse habit ; with 

 mostly opposite ample and membranaceous lobed or angulate leaves, commonly 

 vvitli margined petioles, or auriculate-appendaged at the insertion, and loosely 

 paniculate heads of yellow or yellowish flowers, or the rays sometimes white ; 

 in summer. — Gen. ed. 4, 396 ; Lam. 111. t. 711 ; Ga^rtn. Fruct. t. 174; DC. 

 Prodr. V. 514. Alymnia, Neck. Polymniastrum, Lam. 



§ 1. EirpoLtMNiA. Akenes somewhat obcompressed and trigonous-obovoid, 

 tricostate (namely with marginal and ventral nerves or ribs), not striate: heads 

 rather small. 



P. Canadensis, L. Viscid-pubescent, 2 to 5 feet high : slender branches bearing loosely 

 paniculate somewliat nodding heads of lioney-yellowish flowers : leaves tliin-membranaceous ; 

 uppermost (sometimes alternate) deltoid-ovate or somewhat hastate; lower variously pin- 

 nately lobed or the larger ones parted, acuminate, sharply denticulate, occasionally sinuate- 

 dentate : disk of the head about 4 lines in diameter : loose outer bracts ovate-lanceolate or 

 narrower : flowers yellowish ; those of the ray .5, tlieir ligule commonly minute or abortive, 

 so that the head is discoid : akenes smootli and glabrous or sparsely puberulent, and with 

 a narrow apiculate-protuberant epigynous disk : disk-corollas with abruptly much dilated 

 campanulate throat and ovate lobes. — Amcen. Acad. iii. 15, t. 1, fig. 5, & Spec. ii. 926; Lam. 

 1. c. ; Michx. Fl. ii. 147 ; DC. Prodr. v. 515. P. Canadensis, var." discoidea, Gray, Man. ed. 3, 

 248. — Shaded and damp hillsides along streams, Canada to Pennsylvania and Missouri and 

 in the higlier AUeghauies to Carolina. Southward commonly with more evident rays and 

 passing to 



Var. radiata. Ligules developed, dilated-cuueate, a fourth to full half an inch long, 

 3-lobed, not rarely surpassing tlie disk, nearly white. — P. Canadensis, Torr. & Gray, Fl. ii. 

 272, mainly, from the character, excl. syu. Poir. & Lam. (which belong to a S. American 

 species). — Extends to Hot Springs, Arkansas, F. L. Harvei/. 



§ 2. UvedXlia, DC. Akenes somewhat laterally compressed, very stout, 

 rather oblicpie, and their whole surface closely and strongly striate-nerved. (Here 

 P. variabilis, Poir., Polymiasfrum, Lam., i. e. all of § Alymnia, DC, excepting 

 the original P. Canadensis.) 



P. XJvedalia, L. Commonly pubescent, not viscid, stout, 4 to 10 feet high: leaves ample 

 (the larger a foot or two long and nearly as broad), of deltoid-ovate outline and 3-ribbed 

 above the cuneate-decurrent base, 3-5-lobed, or the smaller only angulate-sinuate : heads 

 somewhat cymosely paniculate, short-peduncled ; the disk half-inch or more in diameter : 

 outer involucral bracts broadly ovate : rays 10 to 14, with ligules bright yellow, linear-oblong 

 to oval, usually half-inch in length, but sometimes hardly developed : akenes 3 lines long, 

 glabrous: disk-corollas with cylindraceous throat and short lobes. — Spec. ed. 2, ii. 1303 

 (Pluk. Aim. t. 8.3, f. 3; Moris. Hist. iii. G, t. 7, f. 55); Torr. & Gray, 1. c. Osteospermum 

 Uve.dalia, L. Spec. ed. 1, ii. 923. — Fertile or moi.st grounds, New York to Florida and west 

 to Missouri and Texas. 



68. MELAMP6DIUM, L. (MeAas, black or dark, and ttoi;'?, foot, i. e. 

 black-footed, an ancient name of Black Hellebore, from the root ; unmeaningly 

 transferred to these plants.) — Branching herbs, of the warm parts of America, 

 the greater number Mexican ; with opposite mostly sessile leaves, and joedun- 

 culate heads terminating the branches or in the forks. Rays in some short, in 



